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the Hadith “a Muslim's Salat (prayer) would be cut off by [the passing of] a woman, a donkey and a dog"

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This is one of the Sahih Hadiths.

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Some people reject this Hadith and believe that it insults women, putting them in the same level of dogs and donkeys.

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Before judging, approach the doctors of Hadith and ask them about its meaning.

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The special friends of "Morabaa", Alsalamu Alikom.

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I am Hatim Alnajjar presenting to You "Morabaa" by "Thamania"

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Hadith, Sunnah, Albukhary

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These are importnant topics that always occupy my mind

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Twitter controverises, books, articles either ignore the importance of Sunnah and abide only by Quran

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or those who doubt the soundness of Albukhary's work

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Some also defend him, defend Sunnah, and how it is important

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we refer back to 1400 years ago to the sayings and acts of Prophit Mohammed (PBUH)  

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How did they reach us?

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How do we make sure that they are sound

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How did Albukhary memorize thousands of Hadiths?

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Why do we trust him?

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Science of narrators "Biographical Evaluation" is a scientific, logical approach

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Some orientalists and non-muslims described it as one of the most great approaches by humans in this field

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What is that approach by which Muslims validated the Hadiths of their Prophet transmitted by narrators?

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It is always challenging to address religous topics

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"Morabaa" is not a channel for lecturs

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I am not specialised in Sharia

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but I strongly believe that "Morabaa" seeks to positively affects the scociety, and improving the qulity of life.

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Religion is the essence of Muslims' lives

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and Sunnah comprises a major part of it.

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That's why this topic is important

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and it's important to understand it well.

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The topic itself is astonishing, how muslims validated the the transmission of Hadith.

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The story of continuous great efforts throughout hundreds of years.

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Our guest today is Dr. Baraa halawani

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Professor at Umm Al-Qura University.

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Majored in Hadith and its sciences

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He took us in a journey that lasted for 3 hours, yet he described it as a brief in this topic.

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I am sure that Dr. Baraa covered most of the issues that might come to your mind

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and that after listening to this interview, you will understand so many aspects of Sunnah and Hadith

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The approache of Albukhary, his story, and so many other topics.

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I hope that you like this interview.

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Enjoy it our friends!

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Welcome!

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Thank you.

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It is our pleasure to have you with us!

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May Allah bless you. It is my pleasure to meet you and your tem.

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Ever since the start of this show, I wanted to hear more about the science of Hadith.

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The more you learn about it, the more astonished you will be of some of its details which we will address together Insha Allah.

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First of all, I want to know why did you choose the science oof all the other Sharia siences

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Good question.

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It takes us a little bit off of this interview's topic.  

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Actually, I don't always prefer to talk about myself

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I was raised by honorable parents

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They were keen on learning

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When I was a kid, we used to have in our house a library with different books.

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Different scientific religous books were in this library.

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I loved reading alot.

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During the intermediate school years, some of the books in the library attracted me, so I started reading them more than usual. 

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The books that I used to read were "The Series of Authentic Hadiths", 

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and "The Series of Weak Hadiths" by Sheikh Al-Albani.

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which are a multi-volume compilation

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I used to read them when I was in the first year of Intermediate school.

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What attracted me was the rich knowledge of Alalbani, how he compiled the Hadiths.

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how he evaluated the Hadiths and the narrators

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how he referred to written and printed  resources.

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All of that astonished me as a kid.

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I used to read in different fields,

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but that field strongly motivated me and 

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It changed somehow my position towards my future major

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After the Intermediate school years, I was thinking of majoring in Sharia in general, specifically the Science of Hadith.

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So what attracted me to this field is a reading in the past. 

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It introduced me to this field.

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I realized when I majored in that field that it was worthy of my scientific curiosity when I was a kid.

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I always wonder when I see someone of a very young age is being keen of scientific readings

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What intrigued you during that time to do that; you had other options

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You could've played football

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Well, I used to play football!

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Well, I was not confined to one field.

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I used to read and play. I read in the various fields.

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I am into reading since I was a kid.

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I used to read novels, scientific books. I even read history books.

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For example, some of my readings at that time were two huge volumes about the First and Second World War.

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Also, I read a book about the history of Mecca

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I read as well my mother's books on Psychology

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My father is a military officer. May Allah protect our parents.

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I used to read books on Criminal Psychology, Forensic science

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I used to read on different fields as I was a young reader so to speak.

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Actually, I was interested in so many fields.

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But this field is the one that really motivated me to learn more

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It piqued my curiosity.

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I majored in this field for that reason, realizing the great importance of religious knowledge.

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Although none of your parents were majored in Sharia!

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I thought that they were majored in Sharia sciences!

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Well! of course Sharia is always there.

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But if you're asking whether they were academically educated on Sharia.. Well, they are not.

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But as I said before, my parents, May Allah protect the, have good knowledge of Sharia 

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They acquired it independently.

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By the way, Shaikh Al-Albani's book was rarely found at any house library back then.

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It is not there in almost every house compared to "The Meadows of the Righteous" book

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It is a specialized book

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So, besides other fields, my parents clearly paid much attention to Sharia

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My parents brought us up in a house ruled by Sharia.

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So since the middle school years you were attracted to this field

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That's right.

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After my graduation from the middle school "regular schooling",

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I started looking for a way to enrich my knowledge during the high school years.

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So I enrolled in the Scientific Institute which is affiliated to Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University.

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Back then, the scientific institutes were affiliated to to Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University.

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They were specialized institutes that offer advanced Sharia courses.

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Students usually enroll in such institutes starting from the middle school.

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But since I studied in a regular middle school, I enrolled in the institute during my high school years.

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After that, I started asking about which department offers such courses in the ancient university of Umm Al-Qura in Mecca

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Later I learned that it is the Department of Quran and Sunnah.

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So, I majored in the Department of Quran and Sunnah,

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and I have completed my bachelor's degree.

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Then, I earned my master's and PhD in Hadith Sciences.

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So, I believe that I and others who are still lost and can't determine their academic passion at a young age would wonder

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I can't get it! how people at a young age would be determined about their future goals

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Are there any drawbacks of being dtermined about it at a young age? 

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I mean, have you ever thought during your university study about changing your major, 

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lets say changing it to the Principles of Islamic jurisprudence

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Or even to Engineering or Medicince

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Were you determined about your major since the middle school?

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Yes! 

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Before deciding to enroll to the Institute during high school, 

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and before deciding on specializing in Sharia,

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My passion was different regarding my studies and future job

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It was completely not related to Sharia.

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Late in middle school, I always dreamt of being a pilot

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My uncle, may Allah protect him, is a captain pilot

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I even used to ask him about this field and read about it

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But later, I was attracted more to Sharia

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So, I decided to major in it

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However, after majoring in Sharia, I never thought about changing my major,

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or even regret it. The answer to your question would differ from one person to another.

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I was determined about my major and I was prepared for its consequences which were not easy.

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For example, before completeing my bachelor studies, I wanted to work in the academic field.

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I enrolled in the master's program although I was not admitted as a university teaching assistant

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I was only admitted to the academic field after 5 years of my graduation from the master's.

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During those 5 years, I had other options, 

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I could've worked in the general education field instead of the academic path

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I had so many options, but I knew what I wanted and I sought it out.

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 I was ready for the consequences of my decision; I waited for 5 years before my admission.

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Alhamdulillah. Allah helped me to reach where I am now.

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Concerning the 2 approaches of learning; learning independently

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and the academic institutional learning,

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what are the most prominant differences between the 2?

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Well I did not stop the 
independent learning

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I may divide the methods of learning into 2;

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the first is independent learning

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the second is the instituational academic learning where we admit to schools, colleges and universities.

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The second type is important as it saves your time.

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It offers you the opportunity to learn from the experts in the field who may help you.

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However, learning through the second type alone is not enough, it is only an enabler.

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You must try and show some efforts along with that enabler to excel in that field;

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otherwise, you might not achieve what you want.

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So, there are advantages in both types of learning methods

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independent learning is very imprtant

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it is important also to read, attend extra classes, contact the experts in the field.

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All of these independent learning techniques are very helpful.

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ٍEventually, the 2 types are complementary to each other.

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Welcome again!

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Our topic today is rich

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I don't know how long would the interview last

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I believe it would be long

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So lets start. Bismillah

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Bismillah.

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Lets dive into the topic.

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The topic of Sunnah.

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We've got the Holy Quran,

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the greatest book ever throughout history.

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It's the protected book by Allah.

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From it, we get our Islamic teachings.

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So, why is Sunnah very important?

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and why is it authoritative?

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That'a a good introductory question.

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Its answer might be a little bit long.

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What is Sunnah?

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There are different definitions

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But I prefer not to talk about its definitions and the conflicts over them;

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instead, I would like to talk about the main thing here which answers your question

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Allah the Almighty has created mankind different than the others

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He created mankind and jinn with religious duties to perform.

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They are distinguished with their brain and have the power of free will.

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He created them to perform their duties.

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He forbade us from somethings.

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He promised to reward those who abide by his orders with Jannah.

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But those who disobey him will be punished accordingly.

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That's in general.

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We mankind and jinn are different than other creatures

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Allah has created them with an instinct that would lead them to the right path. 

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Then, Allah has sent his prophets, beginning with the father of them all Adam.

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However, humanbeings go through different eras,

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they tend to forget a lot, mistake, listen to Satan's whispers.

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The human soul is prone to evil.

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Humans interact with each other.

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All of these factors would eventually lead to deviations from one time to another.

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Such deviations require guidance.

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Who is responsible of such guidance?

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They are the prophets.

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Allah the Almighty sends them down as bringers of glad tidings and warners.

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Why is that?

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So that mankind might have no argument against Allah after the messengers.

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We need those messengers so they show us the right path.

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How could they do that?

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A messenger is sent down by Allah carrying a message

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A messenger with a message.

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What is that message?

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What is it that Allah wants from his creatures?

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Those creatures that are ordered to perform his duties?

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What are those duties?

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That is briefly the message they carry.

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Eventually, a messenger would deliver this message of these duties to mankind.

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He would explain it to them in the best way.

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If they listen to him and correct their path, then the message succeeded Alhamdulillah.

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Otherwise, another messenger would be sent to correct that path

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This is how all prophets and messengers were sent, from Adam to Mohammed (PBUH).

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So prophets are sent by Allah to clarify the duties.

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Sometimes they deliver the message of those duties through heavenly books,

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such as the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms, the Scrolls of Abraham

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as well as the Quran, the last and the greatest of them all.

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The message of duties may be delivered through another means;

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other than the heavenly books.

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Well, a messenger would be sent with some duties mentioned in the book, if he was sent with a book.

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He may deliver duties that were not mentioned in the book;

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that is usually the case when he is sent to complete what a previous messenger started.

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So, is there only one source of duties?

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Yes! From Allah

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Allah the Almighty is the only source of duties.

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Such duties may either be clarified through a book or by other means.

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This is the case with all the prophets.

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Allah has sent Moses with the Torah, therein was guidance and light,

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the great heavenly book.

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Yet, Allah orderd Moses to inform his people of other duties that weren't mentioned in the Torah.

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How is the case with Jesus?

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When Mose was sent to them, he informed them of the duties as ordered by Allah;

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"Allah commands you to slaughter a cow"

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It's an order by Allah which was not mentioned in Torah,

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Moses delivered that order to them; is that order one of the duties? yest it is.

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The order, "make your houses [facing the] qiblah" is a duty which was not mentioned in the Torah as well.

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This is the case with all the prophets

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That is what I call the unrecited revelation;

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we've got the recited revelations which are the scriptures,

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and the unrecited revelations that occurred with all the prophets.

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Did it also occurr with Prophet Mohammed? Yes!

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(Say, "I am not something original among the messengers)

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When it comes to this point, Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) is not different than the other prophets

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He was sent with the Quran, the eternal book, the miracle.

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He came with revelations from Allah the Almighty which were not mentioned in the Quran.

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00:17:46,859 --> 00:17:51,261
So, where did Sunnah come from?

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That's a question sometimes asked by some people.

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They ask about the source of Sunnah.

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Actually, Sunnah is a revelation that came in in two ways;

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How is Sunnah a revelation?

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Sunnah that entails the duties and islamic orders set by Allah the Almighty in order for us to abide by them are revealed in two ways:

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it is either revealed directly; i.e., revealed by Gabriel to Prophet Mohammed (PBUH),

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that revelation is not mentioned in the Quran; Gabriel would convey the orders of Allah to Mohammed.

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The other means is by the indirect revelation. What do we mean by that?

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Well! the Prophet (PBUH) would infer from the Quran an Islamic rule, ordering his people to abide by it.

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Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the most knowing of all scholars, the most knowing of Quran and Allah the Almighty, would employ Ijtihad (i.e., independent reasoning) in some matters.

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In this case, Allah the Almighty would either correct his Ijtihad,

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or approve it.

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Should Allah the Almighty approve it, then it is considered a revelation by Allah's approval.

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Otherwise, Allah would send his revelation to correct the Prophet's Ijtihad, which only happened rarely.

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Thus, we would know the position of the revelation regarding this Ijtihad.

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Eventally, from both the unrecited revelation through Gabriel as well as the approved Ijtihad of the Prophet, we would get the Sunnah,

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the Sunnah which complements the duties mentioned in the Quran.

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So, that is the source of Sunnah.

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I apologize for taking so long, but I wanted to make things clear.

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So based on all what I've mentioned before, If you ask me from where do we get the Sunnah? I will tell you it is from Allah.

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Would it be possible to ignore Sunnah? No!

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Well, the Sunnah completes the duties revealed in Quran. 

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No one would doubt that, maybe only a few people would.

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Well, all of these events, the revelations, sayings, and actions happened before 1400 years ago.

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Islam is the only religion that asserts it is the last heavenly religion.

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So no religion would come after it.

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Now, it has been 1400 years, in the future if Allah wills, it could be 10 thousands years.

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the question is, how do we make sure that the Sunnah, which is not the Quran, is transmitted soundly throughout the years.

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Interesting, 

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By the way, a lot of religions assert that they are the last religion.

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I meant the heavenly religions.

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Even the heavenly religions.

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For example, the Jewish people claim that their religion is the last;

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and they don't believe the prophets who came after their religion as Jesus and Mohammed.

281
00:21:28,361 --> 00:21:33,779
The Christians as well say that their religion is the last; they don't believe in Mohammed (PBUH).

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So it is not about what we claim, it is about the evidences we provide that support our claims.

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We've got evidences.

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So, yes, our religion is the last one;

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It is revealed by Allah the Almighty for all mankind as the seal of all prophets and religions. 

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We've got our conclusive evidences that support this claim.

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Anyway, this is not our topic today.

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the question is, how do we make sure that what reached us is the same as what reached the ones before.

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e.g., someone told me once that 

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if he lived in the time of Mohammed (PBUH), listening to his orders and watching his actions, he wouldv'e surely complied with the Sunnah.

291
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Yet, he said that after 1400 years how could I validate what reached us of Sunnah.

292
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It is a nice question and it is ok to ask it.

293
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To answer this question, we need to know how did the Sunnah reached us.

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As we said before, Sunnah is a revelation to Mohammed (PBUH) by Allah the Almighty either directly or indirectly.

295
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How did such revelations transmitted to the Companions of the Prophet, the ones that followed them, then to the people of this time?

296
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how did it transmit to the time Al-Bukhari before 1200 years?

297
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I would take so long to answer this question.

298
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Generally, through the different interactions between Mohammed (PBUH) and his people at that time, he used to inform them of Sunnah by various means;

299
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the means could by delivering Friday sermons, offerring his lessons and sessions, 

300
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It could be also through going out with his people, answering a companion's question, commenting on something he saw, or eveng going out to the market

301
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so many defferent means.

302
00:23:28,826 --> 00:23:33,056
We are talking about human interactions across 23 years.

303
00:23:33,056 --> 00:23:47,435
Through such interactions, we learned about the direct and indirect revelations manifested in Sunnah that complements and clarify the teachings in Quran.

304
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Eventually, the Companions received both Quran and Sunnah

305
00:23:56,066 --> 00:23:59,580
We are talking about tens of thousands of Companions;

306
00:23:59,580 --> 00:24:07,419
The number of companions of men who battled in the expedition of Tabuk reached 30 thousand;

307
00:24:07,419 --> 00:24:13,808
What about the number of women, children, the men who could not fight, and the men who stayed in Madina to guard it.

308
00:24:13,808 --> 00:24:22,525
It is estimated that the number of companions who participated in the farewell Hajj reached 100 thousand.

309
00:24:22,525 --> 00:24:32,760
Thus, generally speaking, the tens of thousands of those companions are the ones who received Sunnah from Prophet Mohammed (PBUH).

310
00:24:32,760 --> 00:24:38,065
After receiving it, they transmitted it to the ones that followed them

311
00:24:38,065 --> 00:24:41,466
Prophet mohammed (PBUH) passed away in the 11 year of Hijrah.

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After his death, the Sunnah we've just talked about was known by the hearts of the companions.

313
00:24:51,337 --> 00:24:56,721
Did they write it? well, most of them didn't.

314
00:24:56,721 --> 00:25:05,661
During the life of Mohammed (PBUH), the writing of Sunnah was very rare and limited.

315
00:25:05,661 --> 00:25:10,850
Was it there? Yes it was, but it was limited.

316
00:25:10,850 --> 00:25:17,037
Someone might ask, why was it limited? Why not depend on it?

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00:25:17,037 --> 00:25:22,570
The most important question is why didn't they write it? I don't know if we could cover this question later.

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00:25:22,570 --> 00:25:27,286
The other question is, did they not write it voluntary, or is it because of an order not to?

319
00:25:27,286 --> 00:25:31,187
Well, I said before that they did write a few parts of it; the writing was limited.

320
00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:34,562
Did the Prophet (PBUH) know that they used to write it?

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00:25:34,562 --> 00:25:35,434
Yes!

322
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The position of Mohammed (PBUH) was very clear pertaining the writing of anything about Sharia other than Quran

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There are so many Hadiths that clarify his position (PBUH).

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One of such Hadiths is that "the Prophet (PBUH) forbade his companions to write the Sunnah",

325
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most of the narrated hadiths pertaining this position are weak, exept the one mentioned in Sahih Muslim that says:

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Abu Sa'id Khudri reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said: "Do not take down anything from me, and he who took down anything from me except the Qur'an, he should efface that" as clear as that.

327
00:26:18,680 --> 00:26:28,729
On the other hand, there are so many Hadiths of the acts and sayings of the Prophet that allow writing.

328
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Give us an example.

329
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:40,107
For example, one of the last Sahih Hadiths says that when Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) was giving his very long farewell sermon to more the 100 thousand people,

330
00:26:40,107 --> 00:26:44,344
he addressed the most important topics for the muslims, 

331
00:26:44,344 --> 00:26:50,618
one of the attendees was one of the companions whose name is Abu Shah,

332
00:26:50,618 --> 00:26:53,078
Abu Shah was of Persian origin.

333
00:26:53,078 --> 00:27:01,437
Abu Shah was one of the attendees; he approached the Prophet after the sermon has finished; he said O Messenger of Allah, I want someone to write for me the sermon.

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I want to keep with me what you have just said,

335
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I couldn't memorize what you've just said [maybe because he is not Arabic].

336
00:27:13,267 --> 00:27:19,251
When he said I want a writing of the sermon, the Messanger of Allah orderd someone to write for him. 

337
00:27:19,251 --> 00:27:29,099
Another example is what happened with Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al-As, a young, strong, religious, educated, literate man who memorized Quran.  

338
00:27:29,099 --> 00:27:33,440
He started writing the Hadiths of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) during the life of Mohammed.

339
00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:38,556
He approached the Prophet and asked him: Could I write everything you say?

340
00:27:38,556 --> 00:27:40,066
He replied: "You could write everything I say".

341
00:27:40,066 --> 00:27:41,735
He said: Even when you are angry or happy?

342
00:27:41,735 --> 00:27:43,220
He replied: "Even if I am angry or happy".

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00:27:43,220 --> 00:27:50,250
Then the Prophet (PBUH) pointed to his tongue and said: “By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, this [tongue] would not utter anything but the truth".

344
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These are some Hadiths that clarify the spoken position of the Prophet regarding the writing of Sunnah.

345
00:27:54,858 --> 00:27:58,074
There are also other Hadiths that clarify his postion by action.

346
00:27:58,074 --> 00:28:06,304
For example, the letters sent by Mohammed (PBUH) to other nations and to muslims from far regions.

347
00:28:06,304 --> 00:28:17,837
Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) has sent Amr Ibn Hazm, one of the Ansar companions to Najran to teach them about Sunnah as its people had just converted to Islam.

348
00:28:17,837 --> 00:28:26,322
He wrote to him a letter of many different Islamic Sharia teachings to order its people to comply to them.

349
00:28:26,322 --> 00:28:32,749
We do have the book now and it is narrated. The companion's sons delivered it to us; we have it in the records of Sunnah.

350
00:28:32,749 --> 00:28:38,434
That Letter is written by the Prophet (PBUH); from the Prophet to him.

351
00:28:38,434 --> 00:28:43,789
The letter addressed  Sharia rules such as Zakat and othe teachings

352
00:28:43,789 --> 00:28:48,657
For more details on it, you can search for the letter by typing "Amr Ibn Hazm Letter" and you will find it.

353
00:28:48,657 --> 00:28:56,628
That is not the only letter; there are almost 26 letters sent by the Prophet (PBUH).

354
00:28:56,628 --> 00:29:05,208
That is according to the book by ibn Tulun, whose work is one of the great works by the scholars who cared for Sunnah;

355
00:29:05,208 --> 00:29:10,208
The scolars of Sunnah compiled books tackling the letters by Mohammed (PBUH)

356
00:29:10,208 --> 00:29:15,553
In ibn Tulun's book, he compiled the 26 letters, although there are more than that.

357
00:29:15,553 --> 00:29:19,684
In his book, he wrote those letters as they are, and he clarified who were their recipients. We have this book now.

358
00:29:19,684 --> 00:29:23,948
So the Prophet used to deliver his words to one of the companions? 

359
00:29:23,948 --> 00:29:30,000
Yes! It is a letter, and the Prophet had his own writers who would write the revelations and other things.

360
00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:38,624
So, we can see from the words and actions of the Prophet (PBUH) that his position is clear regarding the writing of Sunnah. 

361
00:29:38,624 --> 00:29:42,366
The Hadiths clarify that he allowed the writing, except the Hadith narrated by Abu Sa'id Khudri.

362
00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:50,071
We will get back to that Hadith as we want to discuss the contradictions between some Hadiths in Sahih Albukhari.

363
00:29:50,071 --> 00:29:55,097
So, there were writings of Sunnah during the life of Mohammed (PBUH) with him knowing.

364
00:29:55,097 --> 00:29:57,766
When did the extensive writings start?

365
00:29:57,766 --> 00:30:18,052
Well, generally, the companions agreed on the approval of writing, but for them it was a matter of personal preference. 

366
00:30:18,052 --> 00:30:29,500
Dr. Azmi, who passed away, wrote a very huge book, which I think was his PhD thesis on the studies of the writing of Sunnah.

367
00:30:29,500 --> 00:30:41,294
In his book, he counted 52 companions who wrote Hadiths after or before the death of Mohammed (PBUH). They kept their writings.

368
00:30:41,294 --> 00:30:49,628
The interesting thing is that a number of them were among the companions who did not prefer the the writing of Sunnah.

369
00:30:49,628 --> 00:31:04,544
Abu Sa'id Khudri (RA) who narrated the Hadith on the forbidding of writing, which was mentioned in Sahih Muslim, did not prefer that his students write Sunnah and depend on the writing.

370
00:31:04,544 --> 00:31:08,503
However, he was one of the companions who wrote some Hadiths of the Prophet!

371
00:31:08,503 --> 00:31:14,948
We should understand that strange position by understanding the context back then.

372
00:31:14,948 --> 00:31:19,404
Back then, the tools of writing were not always available like today.

373
00:31:19,404 --> 00:31:26,944
Today, if I want to write thousands of pages, I just head to the stationary and buy a number of papers and pens to write.

374
00:31:26,944 --> 00:31:29,168
It was not just as easy as that back then.

375
00:31:29,168 --> 00:31:34,781
They used to write with the any tool they had; animals' skin, and sometimes bones.

376
00:31:34,781 --> 00:31:42,400
During and after the life of Mohammed (PBUH), some parts of Quran used to be written  sometimes on bones and skins.

377
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:44,245
The tools of writing were limited.

378
00:31:44,245 --> 00:31:49,505
Most of the Arabs back then were illiterate or beginners in writing and reading.

379
00:31:49,505 --> 00:32:07,009
Also, they had a strong memory that enables them to memorize what they want to; generally like poems and lectures and specifically like Quran and religious texts.

380
00:32:07,009 --> 00:32:16,791
That's why so many companions preferred not to write, yet transmit the Sunnah by memorizng it.

381
00:32:16,791 --> 00:32:24,977
Since they were good in memorizing, they preferred that they and their students memorize it.

382
00:32:24,977 --> 00:32:28,413
Some companions would clearly tell their students: Memorize as we were memorizing.

383
00:32:28,413 --> 00:32:34,078
Unlike today, we can't do it without writing,

384
00:32:34,078 --> 00:32:39,551
However, writing has its pros and cons.

385
00:32:39,551 --> 00:32:46,395
Writings could be edited altered, deleted or lost.

386
00:32:46,395 --> 00:32:51,508
On the other hand, memorizing texts and knowing them by heart could be protected if revised well.

387
00:32:51,508 --> 00:32:56,073
In this case, no one could change what you've memorized.

388
00:32:56,073 --> 00:33:09,616
That's why, in the first Hijri century,  a number of companions and the ones who followed them [although they were not many who did] preferred to transmit Sunnah by knowing it by heart.

389
00:33:09,616 --> 00:33:17,229
But I would like to assert that they used to transmit it verbally and sometimes, yet rarely, through writing.

390
00:33:17,229 --> 00:33:19,131
Why didn't they transmit it by writing?

391
00:33:19,131 --> 00:33:23,357
Some people say that they ignored writing Sunnah because it was not important to them, which is not true.

392
00:33:23,357 --> 00:33:33,079
It was their choice only. Just as if I want to travel from Jeddah to Riyadh; I either go by plane or bus, the choice is mine to make.

393
00:33:33,079 --> 00:33:36,494
They made their choice based on their circumstances.

394
00:33:36,494 --> 00:33:43,048
Surely, they cared the most for Sunnah, how to transmit it, teach it, and comply to it.

395
00:33:43,048 --> 00:33:52,820
Well, the numbers of companions who used to narrate and transmit Sunnah are very high.

396
00:33:52,820 --> 00:34:04,392
ِA few hundred of the companions lived across different cities, although most of them lived in Medinah at first.

397
00:34:04,392 --> 00:34:09,738
Some of them lived across the Amsar, yet, they used to transmit the Sunnah to the ones that followed them.

398
00:34:09,738 --> 00:34:13,983
So they would transmit it as: "I heard the Prophet (PBUH) saying" or "I saw the Prophet doing"

399
00:34:13,983 --> 00:34:19,310
Eventually, the ones who followed them received from them that Sunnah.

400
00:34:19,310 --> 00:34:26,400
In that phase, the writing would occur more than before.

401
00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:40,541
In the second half of the first Hijri century, the attempts of writing Sunnah started during that early phase.

402
00:34:40,541 --> 00:34:45,001
So this is the 3rd generation, we've got the companions first, then the followers...

403
00:34:45,001 --> 00:34:47,131
Actually we call them the chief Followers of the Companions.

404
00:34:47,131 --> 00:34:53,064
During that phase, the attempts of writing started very early.

405
00:34:53,064 --> 00:35:03,828
Interestingly, there were so many books that were written during that phase.

406
00:35:03,828 --> 00:35:12,148
Some of these writings were in the form of diaries, some of them were related to a specific science. So, the writings were there.

407
00:35:12,148 --> 00:35:33,930
In one of his books, Dr Hatim Alshareef, my thesis supervisor, critically and accurately studied the books that were there since the begining of Islam.

408
00:35:33,930 --> 00:35:39,495
One of the first books is by Urwa ibn Al-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwām

409
00:35:39,495 --> 00:35:41,200
You mean books of Hadith?

410
00:35:41,200 --> 00:35:52,462
Yes. I mean anything written about Sharia other than Quran, including Sunnah, Sira, Islamic duties and laws, and the interpretations of the Quran.

411
00:35:52,462 --> 00:35:53,880
And the news of the city?

412
00:35:53,880 --> 00:35:59,249
No, I only mean the Sharia topics.

413
00:35:59,249 --> 00:36:00,929
ok, then you mean the sayings and acts of the Prophet.

414
00:36:00,929 --> 00:36:02,231
Yes, that's right.

415
00:36:02,231 --> 00:36:14,895
So, according to dr. Hatim, the first writing on Sira and the Prophet's expeditions is by Urwa ibn Al-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwām.

416
00:36:14,895 --> 00:36:19,050
He was one of the chief followers, and he passed away in the 93th of Hijrah.

417
00:36:19,050 --> 00:36:21,377
So it is early.

418
00:36:21,377 --> 00:36:22,070
Yes.

419
00:36:22,070 --> 00:36:30,857
Dr. Hatim calculated the books written in a specific period, starting from the beginning of the third century AH and ending before the time of Albukhari.

420
00:36:30,857 --> 00:36:39,241
He found out that there were 99 books of 99 authors during that early period.

421
00:36:39,241 --> 00:36:43,781
These books transmitted the Sunnah.

422
00:36:43,781 --> 00:37:00,372
I wanted to assert that because some  would think that the people since the time of Mohammed transmitted Sunnah only verbally for 200 years, and then Albukhari started the writing;

423
00:37:00,372 --> 00:37:03,826
which is completely not true.

424
00:37:03,826 --> 00:37:07,603
But rather, there were so many Sharia books during that period.

425
00:37:07,603 --> 00:37:11,007
There were also some Hadith copies;

426
00:37:11,007 --> 00:37:14,257
A narrator would show his students his book that has so many Hadiths,

427
00:37:14,257 --> 00:37:18,292
his students would copy his book and revise their copies with him by reading it.

428
00:37:18,292 --> 00:37:21,801
Such Hadith copies are a lot.

429
00:37:21,801 --> 00:37:28,697
Dr. Bakr Abu Zayd found 270 Hadith copies; they were with the narrators.

430
00:37:28,697 --> 00:37:32,096
Each copy would carry their name.

431
00:37:32,096 --> 00:37:34,268
His students would could collect them, then write it down.

432
00:37:34,268 --> 00:37:51,248
For example, lets say that you're my Sheikh; I would get a copy of your narrations from the other students to copy it by hand. Then, I would read to you my copy for revision to get your approval.

433
00:37:51,248 --> 00:37:54,018
That's the way Hadith copies were done.

434
00:37:54,018 --> 00:38:01,321
Al-Bukhari and Muslim used in their books more than 36 small Hadith copies.

435
00:38:01,321 --> 00:38:08,622
They used in their books as well tens of books from the ones before them, the books that we discussed before.

436
00:38:08,622 --> 00:38:14,445
To summarize, the transmission of Sunnah during the life of Mohammed (PBUH) was mostly orally,

437
00:38:14,445 --> 00:38:17,098
After that, some parts of Sunnah were written gradually.

438
00:38:17,098 --> 00:38:20,811
Then the writing was more active in the middle of the second half of the first century.

439
00:38:20,811 --> 00:38:30,696
Then, the process of writing was more prominent; both transmission by writing and the oral transmision were present.

440
00:38:30,696 --> 00:38:37,418
The narrators would get the narrations, both from the books and by receiving it from others orally, and transmit them.

441
00:38:37,418 --> 00:38:44,286
Eventually, the Sunnah would be transmitted from one generation to another.

442
00:38:44,286 --> 00:38:53,635
Interesting. There are thousands of the Prophet's companions, companions followers, narrators, books, and copyists.

443
00:38:53,635 --> 00:38:58,272
What is the level of agreement among the narrations by those thousands?

444
00:38:58,272 --> 00:39:07,845
For example, one Hadith on the sayings or acts of the Prophet (PBUH), was usually not witnessed by one person, nor it was narrated to only one person.

445
00:39:07,845 --> 00:39:11,950
So, for one Hadith, what is the level of agreements among the different sources.

446
00:39:11,950 --> 00:39:16,205
Before answering your question, I would like to correct 2 points.

447
00:39:16,205 --> 00:39:20,501
The first point is that the Prophet did not necessarily deliver his Sunnah to a group of people;

448
00:39:20,501 --> 00:39:26,056
We said before, the Hadith could be an answer to a question.

449
00:39:26,056 --> 00:39:35,295
It could be also that 3 for example witnessed the Hadith, then 2 of them passed away during the life of Mohammed; only 1 was able to transmit the Hadith.

450
00:39:35,295 --> 00:39:41,704
So, it is not always the case that all those who witnessed the hadith must get together to transmit the Hadith.

451
00:39:41,704 --> 00:39:53,295
To answer your question, we should consider the geometric progression to examine the transmission of Hadith.

452
00:39:53,295 --> 00:39:56,663
The geometric progression is more like an ascending triangle.

453
00:39:56,663 --> 00:40:03,260
In other words, Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) is one person delivering a Hadith.

454
00:40:03,260 --> 00:40:07,325
Then, 4 people would hear it from him and transmit it.

455
00:40:07,325 --> 00:40:13,426
1 of those 4 transmitted the Hadith to 2 followers.

456
00:40:13,426 --> 00:40:18,625
The 2nd of the 4 witnessers of Hadith transmitted it to 5; the 3rd transmitted it to 3; the 4th transmitted it to 10. 

457
00:40:18,625 --> 00:40:24,120
Then those who received the narrations would transmit it to their followers; possibly each one would transmit it to a different number of people.

458
00:40:24,120 --> 00:40:34,652
Should it goes like this, you possibly would find on the 4th line of the triangle that those who transmitted the Hadith reached 300-400.

459
00:40:34,652 --> 00:40:37,345
And they possibly would be from different cities: Baghdad, Basra, Medina. 

460
00:40:37,345 --> 00:40:38,207
That's right.

461
00:40:38,207 --> 00:40:49,244
That geometric progression was one of the difficulties that encountered the scholars of Islam when studying the transmission of Sunnah.

462
00:40:49,244 --> 00:40:57,473
The had to validate the Hadiths as they could be either sound or false.

463
00:40:57,473 --> 00:41:01,713
That's why it is imortant to employ critical validation of Hadith.

464
00:41:01,713 --> 00:41:13,018
So, the 1st line of the triangle consists only of the Companions, yet after 100 years, you would have 3 lines of narrators;

465
00:41:13,018 --> 00:41:22,603
thus, the validation of Hadith would be more difficult since it is more likely for mistakes to occurr.thus, the validation of Hadith would be more difficult since it is more likely for mistakes to occur.

466
00:41:22,603 --> 00:41:40,630
Therefore, since the 1st century and with the start of transmitting Sunnah, the tools- for critically evaluating the authenticity of Hadiths- witnessed a great advance among Islam scholars.

467
00:41:41,466 --> 00:41:43,080
Immediately.

468
00:41:43,080 --> 00:41:49,995
I believe that the level of trust of the companions would change from one generation to another.

469
00:41:49,995 --> 00:42:01,601
Of course, the necessity leads to more attention for that field.

470
00:42:01,601 --> 00:42:05,149
During the life of Mohammed, the process of Hadith validation is easy.

471
00:42:05,149 --> 00:42:09,030
If someone transmitted a false Hadith during the Prophet's life, the Prophet could be approached to validate the authenticity of the Hadith.

472
00:42:09,030 --> 00:42:12,365
However, after his death, the validation process is more complicated.

473
00:42:12,365 --> 00:42:21,413
That's why during the life of the companions, the main issue and question asked regarding the validation of Hadith was: 

474
00:42:21,413 --> 00:42:22,625
Did you hear that narration from the companion yourself?

475
00:42:23,365 --> 00:42:26,165
What is the jurisprudence of that narration?

476
00:42:26,165 --> 00:42:28,133
How could we infer the islamic teachings from that narration?

477
00:42:28,133 --> 00:42:30,000
That were the questions at that time.

478
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:34,507
So, the issues back then were not as complicated as later.

479
00:42:34,507 --> 00:42:40,172
However, that situation changed once a large number of people converted to Islam, and they started transmitting Hadiths from the companions.

480
00:42:40,172 --> 00:42:48,084
Moreover, so many old companions had passed away either naturally or in battles.

481
00:42:48,084 --> 00:42:52,051
Therefore, it was necessary at that time to closely validate the narrations.

482
00:42:52,051 --> 00:43:03,549
That's why the Companions themselves were careful with Hadith narration process.

483
00:43:03,549 --> 00:43:06,400
They would ask each other: From who did you transmit that Hadith? Don't just transmit any narration.

484
00:43:06,400 --> 00:43:10,418
Ibn Abbas (RA) told us about that.

485
00:43:10,418 --> 00:43:20,205
He said: During the early times of Islam,  "We would listen to a man saying, ‘the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said…’ with our eyes rushing towards him." We would not doubt his words.

486
00:43:20,205 --> 00:43:24,063
However, that situation changed; more issues ocurred.

487
00:43:24,063 --> 00:43:31,564
Sometimes, it was difficult to know how well some people would memorize; how fair they were. It was necessary to validate that.

488
00:43:31,564 --> 00:43:37,897
Because of that, it was necessary to raise the standards of critisizm.

489
00:43:37,897 --> 00:43:41,761
How did they raise the standards for those men?

490
00:43:41,761 --> 00:43:49,175
Allow me please to address another point.

491
00:43:49,175 --> 00:43:56,057
Despite our words which are not flawless; although they are scientifically proven,

492
00:43:56,057 --> 00:44:03,898
One of the non-muslim orientalists said:

493
00:44:03,898 --> 00:44:17,256
"The science of Hadith and the science of narrators are very unique and great sciences that the muslims have, and the muslims should be proud of them".

494
00:44:17,256 --> 00:44:20,865
Are they really that great?

495
00:44:20,865 --> 00:44:29,828
Dr. Abdulrahman Alsulami has published an interesting book.

496
00:44:29,828 --> 00:44:43,883
In his book, he compared between the narrators criticism approach and the historical critical method which is popular among the western schools.

497
00:44:43,883 --> 00:44:50,820
Whether we are muslims or not, it is necessary to validate the news we hear using a criticism method.

498
00:44:50,820 --> 00:44:59,197
So, Dr. Abdulrahman compared between the narrators criticism approach and the historical critical method.

499
00:44:59,197 --> 00:45:01,597
His book is a well-know published book.

500
00:45:01,597 --> 00:45:11,462
He concluded that all the standards in the historical critical method are included in the narrators criticism approach;

501
00:45:11,462 --> 00:45:20,931
but rather, the narrators raised the standards and added to the historical critical method more conditions.

502
00:45:20,931 --> 00:45:30,396
They raised the standards and passed hadiths through the criticism filter to make sure that no false Hadiths are narrated

503
00:45:30,396 --> 00:45:35,765
Such a unique and great approach for criticism!

504
00:45:35,765 --> 00:45:40,668
I will try to give you a brief on it,

505
00:45:40,668 --> 00:45:48,299
Giving you a brief would require an extensive detailed study.

506
00:45:48,299 --> 00:45:52,545
You mentioned before the "science of Hadith" and the "science of narrators". 

507
00:45:52,545 --> 00:45:59,445
Is there a similar science with a specific, clear approach on how to pass the Hadiths from one stage to the other?

508
00:45:59,445 --> 00:46:02,542
Yes! I referred to it as "criticism filter" and that's its name.

509
00:46:02,542 --> 00:46:12,219
Actually, the narrator's' criticism filter has 5 stages;

510
00:46:12,219 --> 00:46:18,412
Any news should pass all the 5 for the news to be validated and approved by the narrators.

511
00:46:18,412 --> 00:46:22,660
Who are the narrators? Where do they stand on the line of the companions and followers?

512
00:46:22,660 --> 00:46:26,947
Are they anyone who narrates Hadiths?

513
00:46:26,947 --> 00:46:29,362
Well, the criticism filter is not applied by anyone.

514
00:46:29,362 --> 00:46:38,521
The critics are experts and advanced in the science of Hadith, just like how the critics in the other fields should be.

515
00:46:38,521 --> 00:46:40,434
I will get back to your question later,

516
00:46:40,434 --> 00:46:44,604
but first, I would like to give you a brief on the criticism filter.

517
00:46:44,604 --> 00:46:52,526
News received could be either true or false.

518
00:46:52,526 --> 00:47:00,124
The false news could either be delivered deliberately by someone who is dishonest, seeking to change the facts;

519
00:47:00,124 --> 00:47:07,040
or it could be done indeliberately by someone who forgot, erred, or heard the news incorrectly from someone els.

520
00:47:07,040 --> 00:47:13,234
Well, What did the narrators do to avoid both situations of false news?

521
00:47:13,234 --> 00:47:17,677
Pay attention to the filters used for Hadith criticizm.

522
00:47:17,677 --> 00:47:28,360
First, a Hadith critic should examine each man on the chain of transmission;

523
00:47:29,127 --> 00:47:37,846
each man should meet the following: First, he should be honorable, the narrators would call him "just".  

524
00:47:37,846 --> 00:47:47,801
In other words, he should be religiously conservative, honest, not known for his immorality, nor for his foolishness.

525
00:47:47,801 --> 00:47:54,306
He should not be known for lying, he should be honorable.

526
00:47:54,306 --> 00:48:02,566
Why being honorable is important? It is to avoid those who would deliberately lie.

527
00:48:02,566 --> 00:48:07,504
Is being honorable enough? No it isn't. the first condition is not enough.

528
00:48:07,504 --> 00:48:16,572
It wouldn't be enough even if all those in the chain are honorable (i.e, religious, honest, pious, just)

529
00:48:16,572 --> 00:48:22,719
They could be honorable, but possibly they could be prone to forget which happens a lot.

530
00:48:22,719 --> 00:48:27,892
That's why the narrators set the second condition on the criticism filter.

531
00:48:27,892 --> 00:48:38,776
Besides being honorable, he should be of strong memory, transmitting exactly what he received.

532
00:48:38,776 --> 00:48:43,679
It is important to ensure that in order to avoid the indeliberate mistakes.

533
00:48:43,679 --> 00:48:48,305
Would that be enough? Of course not.

534
00:48:48,305 --> 00:49:00,000
Even if he were an honorable man with a strong memory, he could be mistaken once or twice which is something inevitable.

535
00:49:00,000 --> 00:49:03,663
What did the narrators do to avoid that issue?

536
00:49:03,663 --> 00:49:06,272
Well, they set a third condition.

537
00:49:06,272 --> 00:49:19,829
They said that the transmission [Isnad] should be connected like a chain, each narrator on the chain received from his successor in the right way.

538
00:49:19,829 --> 00:49:27,184
Why is that? To avoid any gaps among the narrators; the gap could be filled by an unkown narrator.

539
00:49:27,184 --> 00:49:31,241
We need to make sure that the chain is well-connected.

540
00:49:31,241 --> 00:49:35,746
The Isnad would go like this: Ali narrated that Abdullah narrated that ...

541
00:49:35,746 --> 00:49:41,994
It's just like the line of ancestors that would go like this: A son of B son C ...

542
00:49:41,994 --> 00:49:49,476
It is the same for the narration. It goes like: A narrated that B narrated that C narrated..

543
00:49:49,476 --> 00:49:52,591
Those narraters chould be connected from the start to the end.

544
00:49:52,591 --> 00:50:04,398
Each one of them should be honorable, of strong memory, and should receive from their successors in the right way and the chain should be well connected to avoid discontinuity of the chain of narration

545
00:50:04,398 --> 00:50:06,330
So, he must've sit with the narrator and listened to it himself?

546
00:50:06,330 --> 00:50:08,896
I'm just saying that it should be received in the right way.

547
00:50:08,896 --> 00:50:11,613
Where does the Isnad end?

548
00:50:11,613 --> 00:50:13,187
It end with the Prophet (PBUH).

549
00:50:13,187 --> 00:50:18,588
Would that be enough? of course not. There comes the 4th condition.

550
00:50:18,588 --> 00:50:34,359
In order to avoid mistakes, narrators would examine the narrators in the Sanad.

551
00:50:34,359 --> 00:50:52,625
Let me make this more clear. Albukhari would narrate a Hadith narrated by Abdullah Bin Alzubair Alhumaidi on the authority of Sufian bin Oyayna, on the authority of Yahya bin Saeed Alansari .. and the rest of the Hadith. 

552
00:50:52,625 --> 00:51:08,173
In order to make sure that Alhumaidi did not mistake in his narration, I need to check the students of his Shaikh and whether they narrated the same Hadith or not.

553
00:51:08,173 --> 00:51:11,381
Who was his Sheikh? He was Sufyan bin Auyayna.

554
00:51:11,381 --> 00:51:17,010
Abdullah Bin Alzubair Alhumaidi was one of his top students, but was he the only one? No.

555
00:51:17,010 --> 00:51:21,890
There were many other students. Did they narrate that Hadith as he did?

556
00:51:21,890 --> 00:51:26,432
Were there any additions in the narration of Abdullah which were not mentioned in the narrations of the other students?

557
00:51:26,432 --> 00:51:28,331
Are there any differences?

558
00:51:28,331 --> 00:51:33,369
How close was the narrator to the Sheikh?

559
00:51:33,369 --> 00:51:43,145
The narrators were not on the same level; some of them might have sat with their Sheikh for 2 days only, others might have been with their Sheikh for 30 years. 

560
00:51:43,145 --> 00:51:45,145
So how close was the narrator to the Shiekh?

561
00:51:45,145 --> 00:51:51,298
Would it be possible that he received that narration specially from his Sheikh without the involvement of the other students?

562
00:51:51,298 --> 00:52:05,045
This is how close and carefully they examined the narrator to make sure that no undeliberate mistake occurred.

563
00:52:05,045 --> 00:52:11,235
So they would do the same with every narrator on the chain of transmission [isnad].

564
00:52:11,235 --> 00:52:16,337
In addition to all of that, the 5th condition should be examined.

565
00:52:16,337 --> 00:52:19,824
The Hadith should not be defective.

566
00:52:19,824 --> 00:52:38,439
The defect is like an illness. it could be external like a wound or an injury and you can diagnose it once you see it.

567
00:52:38,439 --> 00:52:49,127
On the other hand, there are hidden internal illnesses. You might see someone as very healthy, but internally, they might suffer from an incurable disease.

568
00:52:49,127 --> 00:52:51,500
Is that possible? Yes it is.

569
00:52:51,500 --> 00:52:54,443
The same goes with narrations.

570
00:52:54,443 --> 00:53:16,423
If you check a narration, you would find it sound; however, once the doctors of Hadith examine it, they would detect a hidden defect that you couldn't see by having an external look.

571
00:53:16,595 --> 00:53:19,297
That issue would make the Hadith defective.

572
00:53:19,297 --> 00:53:26,413
Narrators call that defective: An obscure, hidden reason which blemishes the authenticity of a Hadith although it appears sound.

573
00:53:26,413 --> 00:53:31,332
That's why, narrators closely examine the details of Hadith.

574
00:53:31,332 --> 00:53:35,823
The 2nd and 4th type are not easily recognized by anyone.

575
00:53:35,823 --> 00:53:44,330
Therefore, only a few narrator critics are able to major in or detect defective Hadiths.

576
00:53:44,330 --> 00:53:46,392
Like Al-Albani?

577
00:53:46,392 --> 00:53:47,600
Although he was a contemporary.

578
00:53:47,600 --> 00:53:58,227
Yes! the more you are being an expert in Hadith and well-equipped with right approach of Hadith criticism tools, the more you would excel in it.

579
00:53:58,227 --> 00:54:02,266
Because you would have explored a wide range of different Hadiths.

580
00:54:02,266 --> 00:54:08,410
Therefore, one of the most important tools considered by the narrators is 

581
00:54:08,410 --> 00:54:18,021
to examine as much as they could a wide range of narrations from the Prophet (PBUH).

582
00:54:18,021 --> 00:54:19,668
Narrations of the same Hadith?

583
00:54:19,668 --> 00:54:20,370
Yes!

584
00:54:20,370 --> 00:54:24,286
Just for you to know,

585
00:54:24,286 --> 00:54:33,275
Imam Al-Bukhari, I will discuss about him later, composed his book "Sahih Al-Bukhari" as a brief book.

586
00:54:33,275 --> 00:54:39,426
His book, according to the old-times scientific standards, is like a notebook.

587
00:54:39,426 --> 00:54:42,628
An abridged notebook; he even called it "The Abridged Collection".

588
00:54:42,628 --> 00:54:49,284
In his collection, Albukhari wanted to provide the most authentic reliable Hadiths.

589
00:54:49,284 --> 00:54:51,931
We will discuss about hime later Insha Allah.

590
00:54:51,931 --> 00:55:01,239
Albukhari was asked about his collection and how he mentioned 2600 Hadiths in it (except the the repeated ones)

591
00:55:01,239 --> 00:55:05,571
From how many narrations and Isnad did you get those Hadiths?

592
00:55:07,186 --> 00:55:14,522
Pay attention here. He replied: "I got them 600,000 Hadiths and narrations".

593
00:55:14,522 --> 00:55:20,920
How is that possible! Some people would ask: How did you reach that number?

594
00:55:20,920 --> 00:55:24,407
Referring back to the geometric progression;

595
00:55:24,407 --> 00:55:33,556
we would realize that it is possible to reach that number if we examine the triangle from the prophet to Albukhari after 200 years.

596
00:55:33,556 --> 00:55:40,762
Some would ask: Why would Albukhari search and write 600,000 narrations of only 2000 Hadiths?

597
00:55:40,762 --> 00:55:46,287
Hadith critics would help us in answering this question.

598
00:55:46,287 --> 00:55:58,869
Imam Yahya Bin Maeen, one of Albukhari's scholars [Sheikh], was one of the most popular and prominent scholars of Hadith at that time.

599
00:55:58,869 --> 00:56:15,723
the Imam said: "Unless I write a Hadith in 20 pages [50 in other narrations], It would not be clear to me".

600
00:56:15,723 --> 00:56:22,898
He said that the saying is only one by the Prophet (PBUH), but I had to examine all the narrations. Why is that?

601
00:56:22,898 --> 00:56:36,702
It is important to do that to employ Hadith criticism effectively, and to ensure that I could detect the smallest possible subtle issues.

602
00:56:36,702 --> 00:56:43,708
So he would examine 1 Hadith from one branch [narrator], then he would find plenty of other branches that require examination.

603
00:56:43,708 --> 00:56:45,542
Yes! as I told you before.

604
00:56:45,542 --> 00:56:50,738
For example, the Hadith “Actions are to be judged only by intentions";

605
00:56:50,738 --> 00:56:53,928
it is only one Hadith by Umar bin al-Khattab who reported it from the Prophet (PBUH).

606
00:56:53,928 --> 00:56:59,358
That same Hadith would be later narrated in 120-130 narrations on the authority of Umar bin al-Khattab.

607
00:56:59,358 --> 00:57:02,491
Plenty of different branches of the same Hadith.

608
00:57:02,491 --> 00:57:10,727
By the way, that Hadith “Actions are to be judged only by intentions" was mentioned in the Abridged collection of Albukhari in 7 different narrations;

609
00:57:10,727 --> 00:57:12,943
although his book was an abridged collection.

610
00:57:12,943 --> 00:57:21,704
Some scholars of Hadith stated that they found 200 branches of that same Hadith.

611
00:57:21,704 --> 00:57:22,677
That is only 1 example.

612
00:57:22,677 --> 00:57:34,917
Albukhari would write down all the hundreds of thousands of Hadiths in order to pass them to the criticism filter to give solid strong judgments.

613
00:57:34,917 --> 00:57:36,085
A judgment on the authenticity of Hadith [Sahih]?

614
00:57:36,085 --> 00:57:37,271
Yes! That the Hadith is Sahih.

615
00:57:37,271 --> 00:57:41,616
A lay person would not know all of that

616
00:57:41,616 --> 00:57:46,487
When we read a Hadith, we would mistakenly think that it is narrated in one line, starting from the Prophet to the last narrator.

617
00:57:46,487 --> 00:58:00,875
That's why the scholars and people of Sunnah would not doubt the authenticity of Sahih Hadiths as they are indisputable;

618
00:58:00,875 --> 00:58:07,222
we could trace one Hadith from up to 100 sources. That would validate the authenticity of the Prophet's Hadith.

619
00:58:07,222 --> 00:58:12,626
A good thing about Hadiths is that they could be traced.

620
00:58:12,626 --> 00:58:22,548
For example, Sahih Albukhari's book is a huge collection of thousands of Hadiths of the Messenger (PBUH).

621
00:58:22,548 --> 00:58:34,365
If I want to validate the narration of each Hadith mentioned in Albukhari's book, and whether they are narrated in other books, could I do that? 

622
00:58:34,365 --> 00:58:47,524
I could easily do that, although the amount of books, narrations and information we've got today is not the same as in the time of Albukhari (1000 years ago)

623
00:58:47,524 --> 00:58:53,805
One of the prominent features of Hadith Science is that we could examine the validity of information.

624
00:58:53,805 --> 00:59:06,475
When Albukhari composed his book, the people, scholars, and Hadith critics back then did not accept his book immediately just because they knew him.

625
00:59:06,475 --> 00:59:11,058
They already had the Hadiths mentioned in Albukhari's book.

626
00:59:11,058 --> 00:59:14,958
Yet, they, once more, practised different forms of validation of the Hadiths mentioned in his book.

627
00:59:14,958 --> 00:59:22,036
They re-examined the Hadiths using their own Hadith criticizm tools.

628
00:59:22,036 --> 00:59:28,394
Well, I am talking about hundreds of thousands of narrations.

629
00:59:28,394 --> 00:59:43,384
The students of Yahya Bin Maeen, who would write 50 pages for one Hadith, reported that their Imam had written by his hand a million Hadiths.

630
00:59:43,384 --> 00:59:45,330
1 million!

631
00:59:45,330 --> 00:59:55,801
From such a huge number of narrations, Hadith critics provided us their filtered concluded hadiths which are now in the Sunnah books. 

632
00:59:55,801 --> 00:59:59,197
When you said 1 million Hadith, did you mean 1 million different texts of the Prophet (PPBUH)? 

633
00:59:59,197 --> 01:00:07,865
No! We said that before. We mean by the high numbers various branches [ways] of Hadith.

634
01:00:07,865 --> 01:00:10,168
The Hadith “Actions are to be judged only by intentions" ...

635
01:00:10,168 --> 01:00:18,086
Tell me more about Sanad [chain of transmission], it is difficult for anyone to understand it if they don't look at it.

636
01:00:18,086 --> 01:00:23,920
Well, I would give you an example of Sanad for the Hadith “Actions are to be judged only by intentions".

637
01:00:23,920 --> 01:00:27,144
Let me tell you how is the way for Albukhari to narrate that Hadith?

638
01:00:27,144 --> 01:00:34,019
He wouldn't narrate that Hadith as: "The Prophet said"; because the people would say you were born almost 200 years after the Prophet!

639
01:00:34,019 --> 01:00:38,046
Surely you did not hear that Hadith from the Prophet yourself! Then how did you get that Hadith?

640
01:00:38,046 --> 01:00:47,385
Therefore, Albukhari would state that his Sand and reference in that Hadith goes to the one before him.

641
01:00:47,385 --> 01:00:56,899
He would say: "My Sheikh Abdallah ibn Al-Zubayr al-Humaydi (one of the most popular scholars in Mecca) told me that Hadith".

642
01:00:56,899 --> 01:01:02,113
By the way, we do have now the printed Hadith book by Al-Humaydi.

643
01:01:02,113 --> 01:01:08,104
Even Alhumaydi did not listen to that Hadith from the Prophet by himself.

644
01:01:08,104 --> 01:01:13,754
Thus, Alhumaydi would say, Sufyan Ibn Uyaynah, one of Mecca's most prominent Imams and scholars, reported to us.

645
01:01:13,754 --> 01:01:19,247
Did you [Sufyan Ibn Uyaynah] hear it from the Prophet (PBUH) yourself?

646
01:01:19,247 --> 01:01:23,454
No, Yahya bin Sa'id Alansari, one of Medina scholars, reported it to me.

647
01:01:23,454 --> 01:01:28,397
Did you [Yahya bin Sa'id Alansari] hear it from the Prophet (PBUH) yourself? 

648
01:01:28,397 --> 01:01:36,221
No, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Altaymi, one of Medina scholars and narrators, reported it to me.

649
01:01:36,221 --> 01:01:37,992
Did you [Muhammad Altaymi] hear it from the Prophet (PBUH) yourself? 

650
01:01:37,992 --> 01:01:43,935
No, Alqamah ibn Waqqas Allaythi, one of Medina's chief Followers of the Companions, reported it to me.

651
01:01:43,935 --> 01:01:45,782
Did you [Alqamah] hear it from the Prophet (PBUH) yourself? 

652
01:01:45,782 --> 01:01:53,408
No, I heard from Umar bin al khattab that he heard the Prophet (PBUH) saying: 

653
01:01:53,408 --> 01:01:58,965
“Actions are to be judged only by intentions and a man will have only what he intended.... [the rest of the Hadith]

654
01:01:58,965 --> 01:02:04,975
So this is how Albukhari transmitted the Hadiths of the Prophet;

655
01:02:04,975 --> 01:02:10,694
He clarified the chain of authority of each Hadith just as he received from his scholars.

656
01:02:10,694 --> 01:02:13,859
He rceived Hadiths from a number of scholars.

657
01:02:13,859 --> 01:02:21,441
That's why we would find the Hadith "Actions are to be judged only by intentions.." mentioned in his book by different narrators [different branches] who transmitted the Hadith on the authority of Umar who heard the Prophet saying the Hadith.

658
01:02:21,441 --> 01:02:29,187
Yes, that's right. The Isnad that I mentioned earlier is true and it is for the first Hadith mentioned in Albukhari's book.

659
01:02:29,187 --> 01:02:33,028
So, this is how Albukhari transmitted the Hadith"

660
01:02:33,028 --> 01:02:40,256
Abdullah ibn Al-Zubayr al-Humaydi reported that on the authority of Sufyan Ibn Uyaynah on the authority of Yahya bin Sa'id Alansari 

661
01:02:40,256 --> 01:02:49,885
on the authority of Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Altaymi on the authority of Alqamah ibn Waqqas Allaythi that he saw Umar Bin Alkhattab adressing the people saying that he heard the Prophet saying... [the rest of the Hadith].

662
01:02:49,885 --> 01:02:55,022
So, the criticism filter would address all those narrators..

663
01:02:55,022 --> 01:03:02,244
Yes, Albukhari would address them all, starting from his scolar [Sheikh], ending with the Prophet (PBUH).

664
01:03:02,244 --> 01:03:06,610
How would he address and filter them?

665
01:03:06,610 --> 01:03:08,745
He would address all the 5 conditions that I mentioned before;

666
01:03:08,745 --> 01:03:11,425
Each narrator should be honorable [trustworthy and righteous];

667
01:03:11,425 --> 01:03:13,897
they should be righteous. 

668
01:03:13,897 --> 01:03:15,284
So, he would ask about them..

669
01:03:15,284 --> 01:03:16,433
I will discuss about that later on.

670
01:03:16,433 --> 01:03:19,217
Also, they should be of strong memory [Precision and accuracy of the narrators];

671
01:03:19,217 --> 01:03:22,617
Moreover, the transmission [Sanad] should be connected like a chain.

672
01:03:22,617 --> 01:03:30,736
Also, there should not be irregularities or inconsistencies among the different narrations.

673
01:03:30,736 --> 01:03:35,399
Finally, there should not be any hidden defects in the Hadith.

674
01:03:35,399 --> 01:03:38,616
He examined each Hadith based on all of those conditions.

675
01:03:38,616 --> 01:03:43,329
You migh ask how would Albukhari examine all of the narrators in a Hadith! 

676
01:03:43,329 --> 01:03:46,836
It would be possible for him to ensure that his Sheikh, Abdullah ibn Al-Zubayr al-Humaydi, met those conditions.

677
01:03:46,836 --> 01:03:51,743
However, how would it be possible for Albukhari to examine the other narrotrs who passed away before his birth!

678
01:03:51,743 --> 01:03:56,854
Well, this is why we have now the science of narrators.

679
01:03:56,854 --> 01:04:08,834
This science forms the greatest encyclopedia of the history of men [narrators] in human history.

680
01:04:08,834 --> 01:04:12,912
Well, the word "men" here is only a general one;

681
01:04:12,912 --> 01:04:17,752
there were thousands of women who narrated Hadiths, yet most of the narrators were men.

682
01:04:17,752 --> 01:04:28,755
Well, most importantly, I am not saying that there aren't other sciences that compete ours; there aren't any similar sciences there.

683
01:04:28,755 --> 01:04:34,672
We've got huge encyclopedias on information about the narrators;

684
01:04:34,672 --> 01:04:46,303
the narrator's name, nickname, where they lived, their scholars, students, and any available information of them.

685
01:04:46,303 --> 01:04:52,526
Sometimes the available information could form a huge book, especially if the narrator was a Sheikh, Imam or a Companioin..etc.

686
01:04:52,526 --> 01:04:55,049
However, information of other narrators could be within a few lines.

687
01:04:55,049 --> 01:05:06,287
There are such information on tens of thousands of narrators, since the time of the Prophet (PBUH) and till this day.

688
01:05:06,287 --> 01:05:18,819
Therefore, when searching for the narrators, we can find information on tens of thousands of them.

689
01:05:18,819 --> 01:05:28,665
So, we could easily find information about each narrator in the Isnad [from different layer].

690
01:05:28,665 --> 01:05:31,977
Who is Alqamah ibn Waqqas?

691
01:05:31,977 --> 01:05:49,713
We can find information of him in the science of narrators; his name, ancestors, birth, death, his scholars, his students, even the personal information about him.

692
01:05:49,713 --> 01:06:00,587
Some personal information could include his occupation, nickname, his wife and children.

693
01:06:00,587 --> 01:06:09,883
It could even include his appearance, clothes, habits, house, journeys and his travels in search of knowledge.

694
01:06:09,883 --> 01:06:13,233
He acquired all of that attention just because he narrated the Hadith.

695
01:06:13,233 --> 01:06:19,677
Yes! through him, the chain is connected.

696
01:06:19,677 --> 01:06:25,995
So the muslims back then would gather all the information available of someone when they narrate a Hadith to others.

697
01:06:25,995 --> 01:06:28,444
I mean, why would they write about the narrator?

698
01:06:28,444 --> 01:06:32,164
So you're asking why would they gather information about that narrator? yes.

699
01:06:33,465 --> 01:06:37,121
I mean not all of the narrators were Imams.

700
01:06:37,121 --> 01:06:40,572
Yes not all of them; a lot of them were of the common people.

701
01:06:40,572 --> 01:06:58,986
That's why you could find in their discription that they were greengrocers or clothiers.

702
01:06:58,986 --> 01:07:04,395
So a lot of them were from the common people; they were not judges or Imams.

703
01:07:04,395 --> 01:07:09,532
Some of them narrated only 10 Hadiths while others narrated 10 thousands of them. They were not the same.

704
01:07:09,532 --> 01:07:28,551
So, you should expect that people would search and write about you, and even examine you if you narrate a Haddith by the Prophet (PBUH).

705
01:07:28,551 --> 01:07:39,466
This happened with the narrators; they could ask a narrator to provide his reference books so they could examine them.

706
01:07:39,466 --> 01:07:45,367
They might even investigate the narrator if they had doubts; e.g., when and where did you hear that from your Sheikh [scholar]?

707
01:07:45,367 --> 01:07:53,152
If the narrator would ask why, they would reply that your Sheikh had never left his town and you did the same; so how did you meet each other?!

708
01:07:53,152 --> 01:07:57,524
The narrator would then justify. 

709
01:07:57,524 --> 01:08:21,123
Information on anyone who narrated any Hadith throughout history were collected so their narrations could be criticized methodologically

710
01:08:21,123 --> 01:08:29,458
So, I would find information on any narrator in the chain of transmission [Sanad].

711
01:08:29,458 --> 01:08:51,323
There are tens of books throughout centuries on information about narrators, which we refer to as science of narrators and science of accreditation and discreditation.

712
01:08:51,323 --> 01:09:00,837
There are some heavily studied books of Sunnah such as Kutub Al-Sitta (the six books), Muwatta Malik, Musnad Ahmad..etc.

713
01:09:00,837 --> 01:09:18,341
Some scholars did a great job with such books. e.g., they collected the names of all the narrators mentioned in Sahih Al Bukhari and arranged them alphabetically in one book.

714
01:09:18,341 --> 01:09:21,040
So they arranged the names?

715
01:09:21,040 --> 01:09:21,849
Yes!

716
01:09:21,849 --> 01:09:24,908
They compiled them all in huge encyclopedias.

717
01:09:24,908 --> 01:09:31,768
The collected information from different resources and compiled them in huge encyclopedias!

718
01:09:31,768 --> 01:09:42,366
the Documentation of Sunnah and its criticism is based on such huge encyclopedias.

719
01:09:42,366 --> 01:09:49,677
Although there are such encyclopedias, sometimes we can't find any information but the name of a narrator.

720
01:09:49,677 --> 01:09:55,292
The scholars in such cases would immediately stop and examine the case.

721
01:09:55,292 --> 01:10:05,183
How could be examine the 5 conditions we mentioned earlier if we know nothing about the narrator but his name!

722
01:10:05,183 --> 01:10:09,364
Therefore, the scholars would not validate the Hadith until they get evidence whether the narrator is honest or not.

723
01:10:09,364 --> 01:10:13,503
They would clarify that this narration includes an unknown narrator,

724
01:10:13,503 --> 01:10:17,237
and that the Isnad of that narration is weak because they could not validate all the narrators.

725
01:10:17,237 --> 01:10:31,448
They validated all the narrators but one. Therefore they did not validate the narration although they know the narrator's name and ancestors, but, they don't know about his honesty and the other conditions.

726
01:10:31,448 --> 01:10:39,391
The criticism filter is a logical methodology.

727
01:10:39,391 --> 01:10:56,780
The narrators applied all the available methodologies and tools that enable the validation of narrations.

728
01:10:56,780 --> 01:11:01,668
The narrators would examine every aspect of Hadith: Isnad, content and text .. etc.

729
01:11:01,668 --> 01:11:07,204
So, such a criticism filter is a huge work.

730
01:11:07,204 --> 01:11:11,606
This is how Hadiths are validated.

731
01:11:11,606 --> 01:11:19,793
How did Albukhari validate the narrators of Hadiths? He used 2 approaches.

732
01:11:19,793 --> 01:11:26,780
The 1st approach: He would search about what did people who lived with that narrator say about him?

733
01:11:26,780 --> 01:11:31,894
What did they say about him? Was he honest?

734
01:11:31,894 --> 01:11:39,032
Not only that, Albukhari would then pass that narrator's narration to the criticism filter.

735
01:11:39,032 --> 01:11:54,129
Even if the narrator was known for his honesty, Albukhari would compare his narrations to others and detect any differences.

736
01:11:54,129 --> 01:12:00,469
So, the critics would do the same for each narrator in every Isnad.

737
01:12:00,469 --> 01:12:14,095
Thus, Albukhari only stated that all the thousands of Hadiths in his book are Sahih after he made sure that he examined each narrator in every Isnad of every Hadith.

738
01:12:14,095 --> 01:12:16,207
All the 600.000 narrations.

739
01:12:16,207 --> 01:12:30,000
Well, he examined all those narrations and specified the validated Sahih ones. then he filtered them and compiled them in his book which we will discuss later on.

740
01:12:30,000 --> 01:12:37,480
What auxiliary sciences one should learn to master the science of Hadith?

741
01:12:37,480 --> 01:12:48,083
there is no priesthood in Islam and no man other than prophet Muhammed (PBUH) is more important than the other.

742
01:12:48,083 --> 01:12:55,868
True. I like your comment; we all can do it. However, we need to have the right tools to do so. 

743
01:12:55,868 --> 01:13:17,152
For example, in a marathon one should be able to run 42 km in order to compete. But most people can’t run this long distance.

744
01:13:17,152 --> 01:13:27,226
Hence, if someone untrained was not allowed to enter and asked about the reason he was rejected; 

745
01:13:27,226 --> 01:13:32,793
the organizers would respond that they are not preventing him from doing so;

746
01:13:32,793 --> 01:13:45,263
they just believe that the he is not able to do so.

747
01:13:45,263 --> 01:13:57,338
The organizers would tell him to qualify himself first and then come back to apply.

748
01:13:57,338 --> 01:14:01,299
This is the same with the science of Hadith and all other sciences.

749
01:14:01,299 --> 01:14:26,967
We don’t mind critiquing with knowledge but rather the foolish criticism that was conducted without comprehension. 

750
01:14:26,967 --> 01:14:44,729
So, just imagine someone who doesn’t understand the accreditation, discreditation or Sanad and dares to go into details of critiquing Hadiths!

751
01:14:44,729 --> 01:14:53,409
This act is an underestimation of science, it’s not an underitimatioation of Albukhari or me.

752
01:14:53,409 --> 01:15:00,972
So, we don't mind your criticism; we just need you to have the tools that assist you to do so.

753
01:15:00,972 --> 01:15:14,830
Given that Al-Bukhari was somewhat near in time to Muhammed (PBUH), let’s take Al-Albani and Shahroor as examples instead. Why do you accept Al-Albani yet reject Tharoor?

754
01:15:14,830 --> 01:15:20,294
Picking Shahroo as an example is a nice choice. 

755
01:15:20,294 --> 01:15:30,261
I’ve recorded an episode previously summarizing his disastrous thoughts on Islam. 

756
01:15:30,261 --> 01:15:36,467
So why do we reject him? Because he doesn’t follow a scientific methodology.

757
01:15:36,467 --> 01:15:58,605
This is our criteria for judging, the scientific standards. We're not taking sides. What Shahroor did was nothing but ignorance. 

758
01:15:58,605 --> 01:16:04,456
On the other hand, Al-albani followed the right scientific methods and thus we don’t have an issue with him. 

759
01:16:04,456 --> 01:16:14,082
But that doesn’t mean he isn’t criticized, as the only one impeccable is prophet Muhammed (PBUH). 

760
01:16:14,082 --> 01:17:02,700
To make things more clear, at Umm Al-Qura University, a student majoring in the holy book and Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) traditions takes approximately 160 credit hours to graduate. 

761
01:17:02,700 --> 01:17:13,097
But does graduating make him immediately an Islamic scholar? No, this is only the beginning of his journey. 

762
01:17:13,097 --> 01:17:24,716
His education paved the way for him to enter this field and to study more. 

763
01:17:24,716 --> 01:17:39,893
If he wants to continue academically, he needs to get his master’s and PhD. 

764
01:17:39,893 --> 01:17:47,729
Still, all of that is a drop in the ocean of this science.

765
01:17:47,729 --> 01:17:57,194
This knowledge that we are talking about relates to each Muslim, it concerns his life and destiny. 

766
01:17:57,194 --> 01:18:00,746
So why do you confine it to scientific methodology?

767
01:18:00,746 --> 01:18:06,904
As I mentioned previously, the criticism filter is very logical.

768
01:18:06,904 --> 01:18:20,883
Thus, there isn’t much you can add to that filter which was founded by the narrators.

769
01:18:20,883 --> 01:18:30,707
Also, the narrators practiced all the possible scientific means to validate the news.

770
01:18:30,707 --> 01:18:37,894
I am accountable for what I am saying; this topic is taught in our major in detail. I am just giving you a general idea.

771
01:18:37,894 --> 01:18:50,444
So, whenever someone dedicated themselves to learning this logical and scientific methodology, they will be able to advance. 

772
01:18:50,444 --> 01:19:07,387
I have an introductory lecture on the study of the science of Hadith that I taught in college years back which is currently published on YouTube.

773
01:19:07,387 --> 01:19:22,576
It lasts a little over an hour and it summarizes the why we say that those five conditions are logically the ideal approach for criticism.

774
01:19:22,576 --> 01:19:28,161
You mean that this methodology is applied to all other sciences and is not limited to this knowledge of Sunnah?

775
01:19:28,161 --> 01:19:29,583
It is logical knowledge. 

776
01:19:29,583 --> 01:19:44,076
The world is full of news whether it was political, medical, related to physics or chemics, astronomical and religious, etc. 

777
01:19:44,076 --> 01:19:50,395
And for all those news, a criticism methodology is needed to validate them.

778
01:19:50,395 --> 01:19:55,119
Nonetheless, the methodology employed in the science of Hadith is thorough and superior to them all;

779
01:19:55,119 --> 01:20:01,680
there is nothing to add to it.

780
01:20:01,680 --> 01:20:10,907
For that, to whoever rejects it I challenge them with two questions:

781
01:20:10,907 --> 01:20:17,068
1) Point out the illogical part of our methodology,

782
01:20:17,068 --> 01:20:25,756
2) then show me your alternative one which you believe is right. 

783
01:20:25,756 --> 01:20:30,440
Actually, most rejectors fail in both parts of the challenge. 

784
01:20:30,440 --> 01:20:40,554
They also attribute to the narrators what they didn’t say, like their famous lie that the narrators overlook the text and care only about the Sanad.

785
01:20:40,554 --> 01:20:42,597
...

786
01:20:42,597 --> 01:20:52,054
The narrator doesn’t confirm the Sanad only, he considers the narrated texts as well, and their effect. 

787
01:20:52,054 --> 01:20:58,626
He also checks what conflicts the texts might have with the Quran, the scientific facts, and other criteria. 

788
01:20:58,626 --> 01:21:04,364
Thus, I am telling them to show the error and reveal the methodology they believe to be right.

789
01:21:04,364 --> 01:21:12,480
So far from what I’ve witnessed, whoever tried to win this challenge fails in that.

790
01:21:12,480 --> 01:21:22,704
The current criticism methodology is a scientific and logical approach that has been practiced since the first century.

791
01:21:22,704 --> 01:21:38,183
Those who doubt the science of Hadith and say how could Al-Bukhari have heard 6000 hadiths from the Prophet (PBUH) and memorized them; what is your respond to them?

792
01:21:38,183 --> 01:21:43,208
That is a simple question.

793
01:21:43,208 --> 01:21:50,422
Those people assume that Al-Bukhari was a companion, and that he memorized the 6000 Hadiths.

794
01:21:50,422 --> 01:22:05,150
Well, the truth is always bounded but there are no boundaries to mistakes. 

795
01:22:05,150 --> 01:22:12,445
What you mentioned is one of the ridiculous mistakes. 

796
01:22:12,445 --> 01:22:20,089
Whoever said that doesn’t even know whether Al-Bukhari was a companion or not but dares to debate over the topic.

797
01:22:20,089 --> 01:22:36,395
To all of those I always like to remind them about a logical rule and a canon of Islam: we are not allowed to talk without knowledge. 

798
01:22:36,395 --> 01:22:45,614
17:36 (Do not follow what you have no ˹sure˺ knowledge of. Indeed, all will be called to account for ˹their˺ hearing, sight, and intellect.) Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran. 

799
01:22:45,614 --> 01:22:49,967
This is a strict prohibition, and you will be responsible for that.

800
01:22:49,967 --> 01:22:55,998
In fact, both your knowledge and intellect should prevent you from doing so. 

801
01:22:55,998 --> 01:23:04,907
The problem is that a lot of opposers and debaters argue about what they don’t have knowledge of.

802
01:23:04,907 --> 01:23:15,056
And that is a violation of Allah’s command and even the basics of science.

803
01:23:15,056 --> 01:23:21,413
You have the right to discuss and debate but gain knowledge before you do so.

804
01:23:21,413 --> 01:23:55,240
I don’t want to sound arrogant, but some of the debaters need to be taught for a whole semester to understand where they are wrong in the argument and how the Hadiths were narrated.

805
01:23:55,240 --> 01:23:57,810
You can now send them a link to this episode.

806
01:23:57,810 --> 01:23:59,763
I might do that, it would be nice.

807
01:23:59,763 --> 01:24:15,521
But really, some of the objections are so ridiculous and weak that you don’t know how to summarize the answer. 

808
01:24:15,521 --> 01:24:39,932
And let me repeat, whoever objects against the science of Hadith, study it carefully from the perspective of the experts and only then you can debate.

809
01:24:39,932 --> 01:24:50,852
Sorry for interrupting you. Just recently someone was messaging me regarding sayings he have heard from an individual about the Prophet's Sunnah. 

810
01:24:50,852 --> 01:24:54,279
He said, what he has heard was convincing and that he couldn’t find a response. 

811
01:24:54,279 --> 01:25:01,231
Then he started talking with details where I stopped him and asked:

812
01:25:01,231 --> 01:25:20,401
Since you listened to all what this man has to offer, did you consider what other Muslims in the past 1400 years said with different perspective?

813
01:25:20,401 --> 01:25:29,408
This is a scientific integrity. You were supposed to do that and to study it with a scientific approach then choose between them. 

814
01:25:29,408 --> 01:25:34,114
I asked him: Did you do so? He answered, no! 

815
01:25:34,114 --> 01:25:38,260
Still, he said I believe that that man's words are convincing. 

816
01:25:38,260 --> 01:25:41,685
I responded to him: "Well, that is because he was your only source." 

817
01:25:41,685 --> 01:25:44,233
He replied to me: "No one gave me an answer when I researched".

818
01:25:44,233 --> 01:25:52,315
I then replied: "All the answers you are looking for are in the books. You should be fair when debating."

819
01:25:52,315 --> 01:26:09,124
Study the science of Hadith from the perspective of the experts and our scholars, only then you may argue. You can’t do that without minimum knowledge.

820
01:26:09,124 --> 01:26:20,787
The issue is that most opposers didn’t read Al-Bukhari's book and don’t even know who he is.

821
01:26:20,787 --> 01:26:34,941
Yet, they would dare to debate and record responses. They might even author books regardless of their ignorance in that subject.

822
01:26:34,941 --> 01:26:45,406
Respect science! I am not asking you to respect me or Al-Bukhari.

823
01:26:45,406 --> 01:27:00,915
Take the orientalists as an example, though they are non-Muslims, they were able to view the criticism methodology and respect it. They even appraise it for the extensive efforts put into it. 

824
01:27:00,915 --> 01:27:10,520
So, respect the science and give it what it deserves then come and debate.

825
01:27:10,520 --> 01:27:29,406
If Muhammad Shahroor were to come to you before he died and asked you, what auxiliary sciences we need to study to be qualified?

826
01:27:29,406 --> 01:27:34,477
Well, Muhammad Shahroor didn’t talk about Sunnah alone.

827
01:27:34,477 --> 01:27:37,840
He was an explainer with diverse topics.

828
01:27:37,840 --> 01:27:58,731
Shahroor talked about everything. He even said that it is not mandatory to believe in Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) nor the Quran! 

829
01:27:58,731 --> 01:28:10,580
He also said that a human can be a Muslim by only believing in Allah alone and in the afterlife. 

830
01:28:10,580 --> 01:28:33,734
Well, that means a person can be a Muslim even if he followed Hinduism, discarding the Quran and the prophet's Sunnah and still be awarded the paradise. 

831
01:28:33,734 --> 01:28:42,760
Those who think that the dispute with Shahroor was just his opinions on the validity of Sunnah actually looked at a small fragment of his thoughts. 

832
01:28:42,760 --> 01:28:51,713
I don’t prefer to talk about a certain individual as Shahroor is only one amongst many others like him.

833
01:28:51,713 --> 01:28:52,857
I just mentioned him as an example.

834
01:28:52,857 --> 01:28:56,709
It was a good example indeed. 

835
01:28:56,709 --> 01:29:18,158
Shahroor didn’t even know how to verbally recite the Quran verses before explaining them. He failed miserably in this.

836
01:29:18,158 --> 01:29:34,426
I'm not even talking about his linguistic skills in Arabic and his knowledge in the Prophet's Sunnah and the related sciences, the Islamic jurisprudence and the interpretation of the Quran. 

837
01:29:34,426 --> 01:29:45,461
Only if he could master the recitation of Quran, we could’ve move forward with that.

838
01:29:45,461 --> 01:29:54,404
There are a lot like him, being unqualified methodologically.

839
01:29:54,404 --> 01:30:01,070
Our methodology is available in our books and is not some sort of top-secret material that we hide from others. 

840
01:30:01,070 --> 01:30:09,281
You just need to learn it, learn the sciences that would qualify you. If you do so, welcome on board.

841
01:30:09,281 --> 01:30:16,881
Could you quickly list what you refer to as auxiliary sciences?

842
01:30:16,881 --> 01:30:23,475
Sure. Hadith sciences can be divided into two parts: Transmitting the prophetic Sunnah and knowing the prophetic Sunnah.

843
01:30:23,475 --> 01:30:33,888
Transmitting the prophetic Sunnah is concerned with the narrated Hadith as texts and what relates to them from comprehension, explanation, and narration.

844
01:30:33,888 --> 01:30:48,083
Knowing the prophetic Sunnah, on the other hand, concerns the rules of accepting Hadiths or rejecting them and dealing with Sanad and narrators. 

845
01:30:48,083 --> 01:31:00,138
This was only to summarize as you need other sciences to complement your knowledge in the science of Hadith to be a real scholar. 

846
01:31:00,138 --> 01:31:09,515
E.g., you need to detect whether the narrated hadith conflicts with one of the absolute topics in the religion; 

847
01:31:09,515 --> 01:31:18,992
such as conflicting with the consensus of Muslim legal scholars on a legal question or conflicting with the Quran in an absolute explanation of a specific verse.

848
01:31:18,992 --> 01:31:32,745
This means you need to understand the Quran and other things, but these two sciences are where you should start without a doubt.

849
01:31:33,159 --> 01:31:42,220
We intended to talk about Al-Bukhari later; However, the name of Al-Bukhari, may God have mercy on him, is inseparably linked with the Sunnah of the Prophet.

850
01:31:42,220 --> 01:31:50,291
We would like to talk about Al-Bukhari as a person. What is his story? Who is he? How did he live? Tell me about him.

851
01:31:50,291 --> 01:31:52,683
Who is Al-Bukhari?

852
01:31:52,683 --> 01:31:57,024
Many books have been written in "Who Is Al-Bukhari?"

853
01:31:57,024 --> 01:32:05,564
But I will try to brief you and the listener on who Al-Bukhari is.

854
01:32:05,564 --> 01:32:20,943
Imam Abu Abdullah, Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Ibrahim Al-Bukhari, attributed to Bukhara, a region in Asia nowadays located in Uzbekistan.

855
01:32:20,943 --> 01:32:27,534
He was born in 194 AH, and he is not of Arabic origin.

856
01:32:27,534 --> 01:32:32,730
He grew up in a science-loving family.

857
01:32:32,730 --> 01:32:42,428
His father died when he was young, and his mother raised him.

858
01:32:42,428 --> 01:32:46,950
He learned the Qur'an and memorized it at a very young age.

859
01:32:46,950 --> 01:32:53,820
After that, he learned the Sunnah of the Prophet before attaining the age of 10. 

860
01:32:53,820 --> 01:33:06,036
An important note is that when we talk about him, we should be aware that he was not ordinary, he was a genius.

861
01:33:06,036 --> 01:33:11,870
Well, I am not just claiming that, it is a proven fact.

862
01:33:11,870 --> 01:33:19,251
So, we should be careful when discussing about him as he was not ordinary.

863
01:33:19,251 --> 01:33:32,419
Interestingly, Albukhari talked about himself when he began to take an interest in the Prophet's Hadiths in Al-Kuttab stage [the first teaching stage].

864
01:33:32,419 --> 01:33:36,272
He said before the age of 10, he started learning and memorizing Hadiths.

865
01:33:36,272 --> 01:33:43,930
After the age of ten, he started looking for the Sheikhs of his country to learn from them.

866
01:33:43,930 --> 01:33:52,139
During his studies, he was sitting with one of the Sheikhs of the country.

867
01:33:52,139 --> 01:34:05,434
Pay attention to his interesting story. Albukhari was sitting with the Sheikh discussing Hadiths. The Sheikh read the hadiths that he narrated of the Prophet (PBUH), including their Isnad.

868
01:34:05,434 --> 01:34:17,026
While the Sheikh was reading the Hadiths he had memorized, the students, including the 11 years-old Al-Bukhari, wrote them down.

869
01:34:17,026 --> 01:34:27,923
The Sheikh narrated one of the Hadiths as: "on the authority of Abu Al-Zubair, about Ibrahim", and completed its Isnad.

870
01:34:27,923 --> 01:34:40,000
The eleven-year-old boy stood up and said to the Sheik that Abu Al-Zubair had never narrated about Ibrahim. 

871
01:34:40,000 --> 01:34:56,021
The Sheik rebuked Al-Bukhari, so Al-Bukhari asked him to refer to the original book to make sure. 

872
01:34:56,021 --> 01:35:24,730
When he looked at it and asked Al-Bukhari about the correct Isnad (he wanted to know whether it was by chance or if he knew it),

873
01:35:24,730 --> 01:35:35,938
He said to him that Al-Zubair narrated about 'Adi, about Ibrahim.

874
01:35:35,938 --> 01:35:44,628
The Sheikh made a mistake, as there was a famous narrator named Abu Al-Zubair, and another named Al-Zubair. The Sheikh made a mistake and confused the two names.

875
01:35:44,628 --> 01:35:57,231
He said to Al-Bukhari that what he said was right! 

876
01:35:57,231 --> 01:36:08,828
Then the Sheikh corrected the mistake, and his students did so based on the comment of that little boy.

877
01:36:08,828 --> 01:36:15,225
Pay attention with me here. I am not talking about his memorization skills, yet his critiquing skills. 

878
01:36:15,225 --> 01:36:22,227
Look how he knew that Abu Al-Zubair couldn't narrate about Ibrahim, and that the correct Isnad is that Al-Zubair narrated about Adi, about Ibrahim.

879
01:36:22,227 --> 01:36:29,430
That young child at the age of 11 acquired such a critiquing skill.

880
01:36:29,430 --> 01:36:34,780
A genius child who had scientific and critiquing skills.

881
01:36:34,780 --> 01:36:41,684
On top of that, he gained his knowledge from the greatest scholars of his time. 

882
01:36:41,684 --> 01:36:46,539
How would he be as an adult? He bacame then Imam Bukhari. 

883
01:36:46,539 --> 01:37:02,215
Shortly after reaching puberty, Imam Bukhari left with his mother and brother Ahmed from their country, Bukhara, and went to Makkah for Hajj.

884
01:37:02,215 --> 01:37:11,462
On the way, whenever he had passed through a country and found Sheikhs, he would sit with them and write the Hadiths they narrated.

885
01:37:11,462 --> 01:37:20,282
After he safely performed Hajj, his mother and brother returned to their country, but he decided to complete the journey of seeking knowledge.

886
01:37:20,282 --> 01:37:28,374
He stayed in Mecca and Medina, then he moved to Egypt.

887
01:37:28,374 --> 01:37:38,119
After that, he went to different places: Palestine, several cities in the Levant, Iraq which was the capital of the world at that time.

888
01:37:38,119 --> 01:37:47,887
He travelled across different countries. He narrated on the authority of over a thousand Sheikhs (these aren't my words; he talked about himself). 

889
01:37:47,887 --> 01:37:57,877
He said that he has narrated on the authority of more than a thousand sheikhs from different countries, in a long academic journey that took him so many years.

890
01:37:57,877 --> 01:38:13,329
In his journey, whenever he passed through a country and found someone narrating hadiths, whether they were lots or few, he used to write them down and collect them.

891
01:38:13,329 --> 01:38:30,001
By following this method and over the years, he collected hundreds of thousands of narrations of the Prophet (PBUH) as well as his companions and followers. 

892
01:38:30,001 --> 01:38:41,853
Not only did he learn the Prophet's Sunnah, but he also learned interpretation from interpretation scholars and wrote the companions' and followers' interpretations. 

893
01:38:41,853 --> 01:38:49,795
He learned from linguists, wrote and learned their books, and transmitted them.

894
01:38:49,795 --> 01:38:57,482
He also learned Fiqh from different scholars, and he copied their books.

895
01:38:57,482 --> 01:39:03,712
He wrote the Fatwas of the companions and the followers, and the Fatwas of the different Islamic jurists.

896
01:39:03,712 --> 01:39:13,703
So his knowledge-seeking journey included hundreds of places over long years. He met more than a thousand Sheikhs. 

897
01:39:13,703 --> 01:39:34,174
Such a journey contributed to his great personality; he was a genius who had the tools that assisted him in serving this field heavily. He exerted great efforts for that cause.

898
01:39:34,174 --> 01:39:47,795
Years passed, and he had nothing to do but this until he completed his journey and collected rich knowledge.

899
01:39:47,795 --> 01:39:54,869
During his long journey, he started working on his huge academic projects. 

900
01:39:54,869 --> 01:40:08,855
He said that he started collecting one of his most important books (I don't mean Sahih Al-Bukhari; we will talk about it later), which is a book on the science of the narrators.

901
01:40:08,855 --> 01:40:23,566
That book is entitled "The Great History" which is printed today in more than ten volumes. It addresses thousands of narrators.

902
01:40:23,566 --> 01:40:35,039
It included the narrators' biographies, a brief on each of them, their name and ancestry, their most important Sheikhs and students, some of their narrations with a few comments.

903
01:40:35,039 --> 01:40:52,514
He said that he started composing that book early since he was in Hejaz, precisely in Al-Madinah where the Prophet (PBUH) was buried. 

904
01:40:52,514 --> 01:41:08,478
He completed this book and others (incliding "Sahih Al-Bukhari" which he was known for).

905
01:41:08,478 --> 01:41:17,187
He composed Sahih Albukhari during that journey as well. The reason for composing it is interesting;

906
01:41:17,187 --> 01:41:36,269
He was once one of the attendees of Imam Ishaq ibn Rahawayh's lesson, one of his senior Sheikhs and Imams of Khorasan (today it is located between Afghanistan and Iran).

907
01:41:36,269 --> 01:41:59,455
Al-Bukhari said: "We were with Ishaq Ibn Rahawayh who said, "If only you would compile a book of only authentic narrations of the Prophet."

908
01:41:59,455 --> 01:42:13,196
He said: "This suggestion remained in my heart, so I began compiling the Sahih". None of the books back then provided a collection of the authentic and strong hadiths.

909
01:42:13,196 --> 01:42:22,814
That request inspired him to work on it as a scientific project that took many years. 

910
01:42:22,814 --> 01:42:32,566
He spent 16 years on compiling "Sahih Al-Bukhari". 

911
01:42:32,566 --> 01:42:46,749
The limited number of hadiths he brought out in his book resulted from a complicated work extracted from six hundred thousand narrations. 

912
01:42:46,749 --> 01:42:58,753
Such a complicated process resulted in his book "Sahih Al-Bukhari" (which we may talk about later) as well as his book "The Great History".

913
01:42:58,753 --> 01:43:05,607
Despite the enormity of this book (The Great History), which he composed, it is very brief.

914
01:43:05,607 --> 01:43:22,014
Imam al-Bukhari said: "If you give me any name in Islamic history, I would mostly give you a story about them, however, I summerized this book as no one would be able to write if it were longer.

915
01:43:22,014 --> 01:43:27,055
This book is brief, yet it came out in huge volumes.

916
01:43:27,055 --> 01:43:33,117
He said: "If he would include all that he had, people would not be able to benefit from it."

917
01:43:33,117 --> 01:43:42,103
He did the same with his book "Sahih Al-Bukhari", which I will discuss in detail later.

918
01:43:42,103 --> 01:43:52,383
When people had acess to his books, people ere amazed by them. 

919
01:43:52,383 --> 01:44:01,739
They already had known how knowledgeable he was, they noticed that during his journey through his meetings, discussions, and notes.

920
01:44:01,739 --> 01:44:13,352
It is interesting that Imam Albukhari, from a young age, was a genius who drew the attention of everyone, including his sheikhs.

921
01:44:13,352 --> 01:44:24,484
Therefore, you shouldn't be surprised to find tremendous praise for him, not only by his students but also his Sheikhs.

922
01:44:24,484 --> 01:44:42,226
There is a memorable quote by Ahmed bin Hanbal (founder of the Hanbali school of Sunni jurisprudence and one of Albukhari's noted Sheikhs). 

923
01:44:42,226 --> 01:44:54,840
Ahmed's son (Abdullah) reported that his father said: "Khorasan has not produced anyone like Muhammad bin Ismail.”

924
01:44:54,840 --> 01:44:59,802
You should realized that it was said by Albukhari's noted Sheikh Ahmed bin Hanbal.

925
01:44:59,802 --> 01:45:12,158
When his son asked him: “O father, among your students, who are the top scholars that you classify as memorizers of hadiths, having the highest levels of knowledge and criticism?"

926
01:45:12,158 --> 01:45:19,964
His father replied: "they are 4" then he named Muhammad ibn Isma'il AlBukhari.

927
01:45:19,964 --> 01:45:35,215
One of Albukhari's senior Sheikhs (Muhammad bin Bashar Bindar) said frankly: "the Hadith scholars of the world are 4". The first one he named was Muhammad bin Ismail Albukhari.

928
01:45:35,215 --> 01:45:55,720
Likewise, Do you know what did Ishaq bin Rahawayh do (whom we talked about previously) when he received Al-Bukhari's book “The Great History” and realized the great effort put into it?

929
01:45:55,720 --> 01:46:15,400
He went to the prince of the country (who was one of those interested in science) and said: “O prince, shall I not show you magic? Take a look at this book”. 

930
01:46:15,400 --> 01:46:24,567
The prince took a look at the book. He was amazed and said: “I do not understand how this book was written. It is amazing!”

931
01:46:24,567 --> 01:46:26,881
Ibin Rahawayh told him: “Muhammad bin Ismail authored this”.

932
01:46:26,881 --> 01:46:28,672
Those are the words of his Sheikhs.

933
01:46:28,672 --> 01:46:41,709
There was a remarkable saying by Imam Ali bin Al-Madini (may God have mercy on him) one of Albukhari's senior Sheikhs and a noted Imam of Islam in the field of hadith and its anatomy.

934
01:46:41,709 --> 01:47:02,676
it was reported to Ali one day by some of the students who gossiped [conveyed some words to their Sheikh] that one of them heard Imam Albukhari saying, “I never underestimate myself with anyone except Ali bin Al-Madini”.

935
01:47:02,676 --> 01:47:26,222
Do you know how he responded? He said, “Let it be said, he (Al-Bukhari) never encountered someone like himself”.

936
01:47:26,222 --> 01:47:37,757
I'm just giving you a few quotes of his Sheikhs, knowing that many of them died before reading read his books or even part of them.

937
01:47:37,757 --> 01:47:41,900
They said such words based on the lessons and discussions they had with him.

938
01:47:41,900 --> 01:47:49,840
When Imam Al-Bukhari published his books, the world showed interest in his knowledge.

939
01:47:49,840 --> 01:47:56,964
He even sat once to teach in Baghdad, and he had his books and the people were reading to him.

940
01:47:56,964 --> 01:48:30,329
One of the attendees said: “He had three people to repeat what he said, each was at a distance to transmit his speech to those after them [before the invention of microphones and speakers]. The attendees in that gathering were 20,000.”.

941
01:48:30,329 --> 01:48:46,039
During his last days, he left Iraq for Nishapur (in Iran today), and the people of Nishapur heard that he would come.

942
01:48:46,039 --> 01:48:52,731
One of the great scholars of Hadith in Nishapur, Abu Hatim al-Razi, said to them:

943
01:48:52,731 --> 01:48:59,467
“A man from the people of Khurasan will come to you. Among all of those who travelled from Kharasan to Iraq, there isn't anyone better than him in memorizing Hadith and having rich knowledge of it.”

944
01:48:59,467 --> 01:49:07,599
When the people knew about that, they went out to meet him miles away from their town. Their town was left with no one!

945
01:49:07,599 --> 01:49:10,113
They left their town just to welcome him and meet him.

946
01:49:10,113 --> 01:49:19,251
Albukhari with his rich knowledge lived with different people and travelled. His reputation was unrivalled

947
01:49:19,251 --> 01:49:24,602
During his academic journey, he did not only produce books but also taught a lot of noted scholars.

948
01:49:24,602 --> 01:49:33,728
So, many genius scholars were actually his students.

949
01:49:33,728 --> 01:49:38,453
For example, Imam Muslim (who wrote "Sahih Muslim") was one of his students.

950
01:49:38,453 --> 01:49:47,914
Also, Imam Al-Tirmidhi (the author of "Al-Sunan") was one of his top students who studied with him him for a very long time. He said in his book that he benefited the most from Imam Al-Bukhari.

951
01:49:47,914 --> 01:50:01,240
Imam Al-Nasa’i as well (the author of "Al-Sunan") was one of his brilliant students, that's besides hundreds of others.

952
01:50:01,240 --> 01:50:04,651
Al-Bukhari narrated his books, and people learned from him. 

953
01:50:04,651 --> 01:50:15,972
One of his top students, Muhammad bin Yusuf Al-Firabri, narrated the book Sahih Al-Bukhari.

954
01:50:15,972 --> 01:50:25,604
Al-Firabri was a young man in his early twenties when he met Al-Bukhari during his last days.

955
01:50:25,604 --> 01:50:35,001
He learned from him and stayed with him for several years. He heard Sahih al-Bukhari from him several times and mastered it. 

956
01:50:35,001 --> 01:50:48,469
After that, Imam Al-Bukhari died, and thousands of his students remained, including Al-Firabri. He lived until he almost attained the age of 100.

957
01:50:48,469 --> 01:50:59,817
Shortly before he died in the year 320 AH, he told his students:

958
01:50:59,817 --> 01:51:11,069
“Ninety thousand people, including me, had heard the Sahih from Muhammad Ibn Ismail. Today, none of them is alive except me.”

959
01:51:11,069 --> 01:51:19,595
Ninety thousand were there to hear The Sahih! That was normal back then, considering the rich knowledge at that time.

960
01:51:19,595 --> 01:51:34,572
Imam Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, died in the year 256 AH in a small village in Uzbekistan and was buried there.

961
01:51:34,572 --> 01:51:41,294
Today, the location of his grave is known by the people.

962
01:51:41,294 --> 01:51:49,192
That's a brief on Imam Albukhari, his life, and how he lived.

963
01:51:49,744 --> 01:51:54,734
Well. I am impressed, you answered most of the questions I have previously prepared.

964
01:51:54,734 --> 01:52:06,995
Well, you talked about Albukhari and how genious he was. I am sure that now in the comments under, pepole will reject that and say that it is an exaggeration.

965
01:52:06,995 --> 01:52:17,493
It is strange how people immediatly believe the story of the poets who memorize a poem by hearing it once.

966
01:52:17,493 --> 01:52:38,881
They believe the story of Mozart who memorized a piece of music played once by someone in the castle when he was 5 years old. He then replayed it and made it even better.

967
01:52:38,881 --> 01:52:49,309
Some people would believe such stories; but those same people would consider stories as Albukhari's to be an exaggeration!

968
01:52:49,309 --> 01:52:58,552
So why would they be convinced that Mozart was a genius when he was 5; but don't believe that Albukhari was a genius when he was 11?

969
01:52:58,552 --> 01:53:10,147
I believe they don't object because they think no one can be genius at this age; the objection is concerning Albukhari himself, they don't believe he was!

970
01:53:10,147 --> 01:53:16,403
To this date, there are some geniuses who live among us.

971
01:53:16,403 --> 01:53:22,252
Actually, geniuses are rare.

972
01:53:22,252 --> 01:53:26,730
I don't think that there is someone who doesn't believe in the existence of human geniuses.

973
01:53:26,730 --> 01:53:34,573
Nevertheless, some may object the information provided by Albukhari, and they may reject Albukhari himself.

974
01:53:34,573 --> 01:53:39,296
The answer to your question is as the following:

975
01:53:39,296 --> 01:53:48,881
It would be easy to provide evidence that what we are saying about Albukhari is not an exaggeration as long as you do believe in the existence of geniuses.

976
01:53:48,881 --> 01:54:07,111
Our evidence is not based only on the information on Albukhari collected by the generations before us.

977
01:54:07,111 --> 01:54:11,160
We believe Albukhari for 2 reasons.

978
01:54:11,160 --> 01:54:15,856
1st, the scientific works by Albukhari are convincing.

979
01:54:15,856 --> 01:54:22,349
2nd, the facts today make us believe him.

980
01:54:22,349 --> 01:54:28,692
We can test and validate the work by Albukhari.

981
01:54:28,692 --> 01:54:41,935
As I said before, You can check the books by Albukhari and validate its content.

982
01:54:41,935 --> 01:54:58,074
Although what we have today of works are not as much as before, yet we can know more about him from his works.

983
01:54:58,074 --> 01:55:10,126
For example, he called his Sahih book "the Abridged Collection"! Sahih Albukhari is not the only work of him.

984
01:55:10,126 --> 01:55:17,447
So, look at the huge number of scientific works of Albukhari!

985
01:55:17,447 --> 01:55:18,753
Look at his works with his students!

986
01:55:18,753 --> 01:55:20,893
Look at how he scientifically influenced the ones after him!

987
01:55:20,893 --> 01:55:25,801
Look at how he influenced those who were around him!

988
01:55:25,801 --> 01:55:27,289
You would realize that we are not exaggerating.

989
01:55:27,289 --> 01:55:29,069
Let me give you another example.

990
01:55:29,069 --> 01:55:35,878
Aren't there people today who would memorize plenty of texts? Yes there are.

991
01:55:35,878 --> 01:55:46,371
I will not give you examples only in the context of Hadith.

992
01:55:46,371 --> 01:55:54,745
In the past, in Saudi Arabia, vehicle registration plates used only numbers.

993
01:55:54,745 --> 01:56:05,002
Then, numbers and letters were used later.

994
01:56:05,002 --> 01:56:09,495
I remember that.

995
01:56:09,495 --> 01:56:29,007
Some of our relatives and friends used to memorize the plates' numbers, letters, car color and brand, car owner and where they live in the different cities.

996
01:56:29,007 --> 01:56:46,595
They would know that someone not from our city had visited us and know where they came from and who they were only from their car!

997
01:56:46,595 --> 01:56:49,931
I witnessed that!

998
01:56:49,931 --> 01:56:53,047
Such people are not geniuses, they are normal.

999
01:56:53,047 --> 01:56:59,738
What about geniuses who dedicated their life for a cause!

1000
01:56:59,738 --> 01:57:20,552
Today, there are hundreds of people who memorize thousands of Hadiths and whole books; memorizing them as good as you memorize Al Fatihah.

1001
01:57:20,552 --> 01:57:24,332
Some of them memorize Hadiths with or without the Isnad.

1002
01:57:24,332 --> 01:57:39,780
You can see that on the YouTube, their Shiekh would test them by asking them about any Hadith's Isnad or content and they would answer correctly.

1003
01:57:39,780 --> 01:57:50,553
You should bear in mind that the time now is different than before. Before, they used to depend mainly on their memory

1004
01:57:50,553 --> 01:57:59,397
So, we are not talking about normal people like those who would memorize Hadiths. We are talking about geniuses.

1005
01:57:59,397 --> 01:58:04,618
Geniuses are not only in the field of Sharia!

1006
01:58:04,618 --> 01:58:30,726
Dr. Alathami told us a story about one of the millioniers in the western world (America) who would read share market numbers.

1007
01:58:30,726 --> 01:58:48,908
By reading those numbers once, which are in hundreds and may include fractions, he would memorize them.

1008
01:58:48,908 --> 01:59:02,830
So, geniuses are there. It is strange that we don't believe that there were genius scholars who dedicated their life for Sharia.

1009
01:59:02,830 --> 01:59:13,534
I am telling you that such genius scholars back then were dedicated ever since they were kids to learn, write, search and memorize. 

1010
01:59:13,534 --> 01:59:14,173
Throughout tens of years!

1011
01:59:14,173 --> 01:59:16,613
Yes, throughout tens of years.

1012
01:59:16,613 --> 01:59:22,144
Well, one of my friends owns a tourism and travel company. He is causing us troubles.

1013
01:59:22,144 --> 01:59:26,584
We would usually arrange our trips and travels through him.

1014
01:59:26,584 --> 01:59:30,356
I don't think he is troubling you as long as he offers good prices.

1015
01:59:30,356 --> 01:59:32,206
Well that is not the trouble.

1016
01:59:32,206 --> 01:59:40,642
He memorized our ID numbers. The ID of all his clients!

1017
01:59:40,642 --> 01:59:41,440
How many clients?

1018
01:59:41,440 --> 01:59:47,238
So many clients. Only us, his friends, know that he would memorize all the IDs.

1019
01:59:47,238 --> 01:59:49,612
Tens or hundreds of clients?

1020
01:59:49,612 --> 01:59:55,096
He would memorize his clients' visa numbers.

1021
01:59:55,096 --> 01:59:56,117
Of each client?

1022
01:59:56,117 --> 01:59:56,656
Yes!

1023
01:59:56,656 --> 01:59:59,336
He would memorize his clients' mobile numbers.

1024
01:59:59,336 --> 02:00:02,300
I am telling you this as his friend.

1025
02:00:02,300 --> 02:00:03,681
You tested his memory yourself?

1026
02:00:03,681 --> 02:00:07,976
Yes, he would talk to you about that. Well it is easy for him to memorize registrations plates as well.

1027
02:00:07,976 --> 02:00:15,376
He memorized my mobile number. If you ask him about one of our friend's number, he would spell it to you.

1028
02:00:15,376 --> 02:00:20,981
If you ask him about my Visa number, he would spell it!

1029
02:00:20,981 --> 02:00:26,726
If you ask him about the passport number of a client, he would spell it to you!

1030
02:00:26,726 --> 02:00:29,430
Well, if you ask him about where did the client travel or live, it would be surely easy for him.

1031
02:00:29,430 --> 02:00:38,573
He would give you every small detail of his clients trips in any year.

1032
02:00:38,573 --> 02:00:42,060
He got his own team of workers.

1033
02:00:42,060 --> 02:00:45,316
So, the story of my friend made me believe in the existence of such people.

1034
02:00:45,316 --> 02:00:55,228
He is not deliberately trying to remember things. for him, once his eyes read a number, he will memorize it.

1035
02:00:55,228 --> 02:01:04,635
Nice story, thank you for sharing it. Greetings to your friend.

1036
02:01:04,635 --> 02:01:14,078
Your story remind us of some stories told to us by some narrators about the geniuses in their time and how they memorized Hadiths.

1037
02:01:14,078 --> 02:01:26,080
Some narrators would say that they would never forget anything they wrote.

1038
02:01:26,080 --> 02:01:39,064
more interestingly, some of them would go to the market, placing their fingers on their ears to avoid memorizing the words of the people in the market.

1039
02:01:39,064 --> 02:01:45,255
They don't want to occupy their mind with unnecessary things.

1040
02:01:45,255 --> 02:01:51,738
So geniuses are there.

1041
02:01:51,738 --> 02:01:56,103
We can see the output of such geniuses.

1042
02:01:56,103 --> 02:02:05,482
Yes! and as I told you before, it is convincing if we look at the examples of geniuses around us and consider the scientific output of such geniuses.

1043
02:02:05,482 --> 02:02:12,156
Well, I had so many questions, but you covered them all.

1044
02:02:12,156 --> 02:02:17,783
I would like to hear from you regarding the issue of Albukhari, being non-Arab.

1045
02:02:17,783 --> 02:02:21,423
Would that affect his narration of Hadith?

1046
02:02:21,423 --> 02:02:30,359
Before answering that question, I would like to ask whether it is preferable for a one to be bilingual or not?

1047
02:02:30,359 --> 02:02:35,060
Is it preferable to be bilingual or even multilingual?

1048
02:02:35,060 --> 02:02:39,144
It's preferable to be multilingual especially when you master the language.

1049
02:02:39,144 --> 02:02:52,473
It means that you've got high mental abilities; especially if the languages are from different language families (not partly similar)

1050
02:02:52,473 --> 02:03:12,458
Eventually, it's a point of strength for Albukhari; mastering Arabic language and writing in it. It means that he was a genius.

1051
02:03:12,458 --> 02:03:26,425
Would it be impossible for non-Arabs to master Arabic language?

1052
02:03:26,425 --> 02:03:33,534
Scientifically, it is possible.

1053
02:03:33,534 --> 02:03:48,442
Some people when they learn Arabic and master it,even if they were non-Arabs, they would succeed in that language and possibly be one of its prominent speakers.

1054
02:03:48,442 --> 02:03:53,639
One of the best examples is Sibawayh.

1055
02:03:53,639 --> 02:03:59,250
Sibawayh is the most prominent Arabic language scholar ever.

1056
02:03:59,250 --> 02:04:04,637
He was of Persian origin but he travelled to the Arab world and learned Arabic from them.

1057
02:04:04,637 --> 02:04:15,567
He learned the language from the best scholars back then. Eventually, he became the best Arabic grammerian.

1058
02:04:15,567 --> 02:04:20,343
Not only Sibawayh; there are many non-Arab Arabic scholars who excelled in the language;

1059
02:04:20,343 --> 02:04:30,000
e.g., Abu Ali Al-Farisi, Ibn Jinni and others. All of them mastered more than 1 language. They were the best scholars in Arabic.

1060
02:04:30,000 --> 02:04:36,128
So, being non-Arab would not prevent you from mastering Arabic.

1061
02:04:36,128 --> 02:04:47,843
A number of scholars back then were non-Arab and that did not prevent them from mastering the language;

1062
02:04:47,843 --> 02:04:55,109
e.g., the Copts in Egypt who are non-Arabs,

1063
02:04:55,109 --> 02:04:59,903
The Berbers in the western part of the Arab world,

1064
02:04:59,903 --> 02:05:06,468
the people of Persian, Indian or Bukharan origins in the eastern world.

1065
02:05:06,468 --> 02:05:14,518
Thus, the Arabic language had never hindered muslim Scholars from emerging.

1066
02:05:14,518 --> 02:05:27,520
The evidence of that is their scientific works that were written and produced in Arabic; the language did not prevent them.

1067
02:05:27,520 --> 02:05:39,489
Regardless of all that, lets look at Albukhari's works that we have in our hands.

1068
02:05:39,489 --> 02:05:47,747
Would you be able to specify 1 mistake in his Arabic writings?

1069
02:05:47,747 --> 02:06:12,475
Interestingly, Ibn Hisham one of the prominent Arabic scholars in the 8th century (AH) studied Sahih Albukhari's book with his students linguistically only.

1070
02:06:12,475 --> 02:06:25,231
Arabic scholars have never pointed any linguistic contradictions or mistakes in the works of Albukhari.

1071
02:06:25,231 --> 02:06:29,016
Then, where is the problem?

1072
02:06:29,016 --> 02:06:39,190
Albukhari excelled in the Arabic language, his works prove that. He heavily studied Arabic language.

1073
02:06:39,190 --> 02:06:51,315
He were taught the language by its expert. He would mention them in his works, such as An-Nadr bin Shumail, Ma'mar ibn al-Muthanna (Abu ubaidah)

1074
02:06:51,315 --> 02:07:02,399
So, he perfected the language and wrote in it. He even wrote some poems in Arabic. His works are available today.

1075
02:07:02,399 --> 02:07:12,698
 The language would only be a barrier for him, being a non-Arab, if we could specify some linguistic mistakes and contradictions that would affect the soundness of his works.

1076
02:07:12,698 --> 02:07:14,274
Nevertheless, the scholars did not refer to such mistakes in his works.

1077
02:07:14,274 --> 02:07:20,312
A good thing is that Albukhari earned his reputation for his knowledge only.

1078
02:07:20,312 --> 02:07:27,717
The Arabs back then did not care about his name, origin, or even his social class.

1079
02:07:27,717 --> 02:07:31,236
They only cared for his knowledge.

1080
02:07:31,236 --> 02:07:34,091
Was this way of dealing with others common among people in the Islamic history.

1081
02:07:34,091 --> 02:07:45,993
There is a Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH). The situation when the Hadith was transmitted is interesting. 

1082
02:07:45,993 --> 02:07:59,456
During the Caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab, he used to assign governers to different regions.

1083
02:07:59,456 --> 02:08:07,381
He assigned one of the Companions as a governer of Mecca.

1084
02:08:07,381 --> 02:08:12,561
One day, Umar headed to the direction of Mecca.

1085
02:08:12,561 --> 02:08:23,797
His governer in Mecca headed to meet Umar near Medinah.

1086
02:08:23,797 --> 02:08:32,407
Umar met the governor of Mecca. He asked him: “Whom have you appointed to govern Mecca on behalf of you?”

1087
02:08:32,407 --> 02:08:40,433
"Who is governing the people of Mecca on behalf of you?"

1088
02:08:40,433 --> 02:08:56,426
He said: “Ibn Abza.” He said: “Who is Ibn Abza?” He said: “He is one of our freed slaves.”

1089
02:08:56,426 --> 02:09:21,735
He remarked: “So you have appointed a freed slave over them.” He said: “He is a good reciter of the Book of Allah and knowledgeable about the laws of inheritance.”

1090
02:09:21,735 --> 02:09:35,580
Umar ibn al-Khattab paused, then he said that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Indeed, Allah elevates some people with this Book and degrades others.”

1091
02:09:35,580 --> 02:09:47,848
That would never be possible in the pre-Islamic period. Slaves would not be assigned to anything.

1092
02:09:47,848 --> 02:09:53,046
Allah elevated him because of his knowledge of Quran and Sunnah.

1093
02:09:53,046 --> 02:09:55,642
Such incidents occurred a lot in Islam.

1094
02:09:55,642 --> 02:10:14,351
A lot of companions were close to the Prophet (PBUH) although they were non-Arab, e.g., Salman Alfarisi, Bilal Alhabashi.

1095
02:10:14,351 --> 02:10:19,667
The people since then continued in their way of dealing with others.

1096
02:10:19,667 --> 02:10:34,750
They ranked the people based on their knowledge and not their names.

1097
02:10:34,750 --> 02:10:42,727
Your name would not upgrade you to the level of knowledgeable people if you are not.

1098
02:10:42,727 --> 02:10:53,332
That is true. There were so many prominent people in the Islamic history who were not Arabs.

1099
02:10:53,332 --> 02:11:03,656
Of course there were Arab scholars; I am just saying that the prominent ones were not only Arabs.

1100
02:11:03,656 --> 02:11:12,417
What mattered was how eligible and knowledge someone was and how they would share their knowledge with others.

1101
02:11:12,417 --> 02:11:15,690
A good example of such non-Arab knowledgeable people is Imam Albukhari.

1102
02:11:15,690 --> 02:11:25,462
In America, they call people to be color blind, they should not judge people based on their color (don't be racist).

1103
02:11:25,462 --> 02:11:29,496
I believe that muslims were color blind a long time ago.

1104
02:11:29,496 --> 02:11:37,351
The Prophet (PBUH) said in his farewell sermon: "There is no preference between Arab and Ajam, Ajam and Arab, except for piet (Taqwa)"

1105
02:11:37,351 --> 02:11:48,760
There are a number of Sahih Hadiths in Albukhari's book that are contradictory. I want to hear your opinion regarding this.

1106
02:11:48,760 --> 02:12:09,813
To understand such issues, we need to have a good understanding of the scientific methodology adopted by Hadith scholars.

1107
02:12:09,813 --> 02:12:15,245
let me tell you something in general which is not specific for Albukhari.

1108
02:12:15,245 --> 02:12:27,769
When a narrator is narrating a Hadith, they are only transmitting the Hadiths which their narrations are validated.

1109
02:12:27,769 --> 02:12:36,923
So, Ablukhari would write in his book that he validated the Hadiths narrations and included them in his book.

1110
02:12:36,923 --> 02:12:40,320
He would stop at this point.

1111
02:12:40,320 --> 02:12:49,805
It's not the responsibility of the narrator to clarify the content of Hadith and infer its meaning.

1112
02:12:49,805 --> 02:12:53,523
It's the responsibility of the Islamic Jurisprudent (Faqih).

1113
02:12:53,523 --> 02:12:56,245
Do you mean that a narrator is not to judge the content of Hadith?

1114
02:12:56,245 --> 02:13:00,000
Let me paraphrase that in a nicer way.

1115
02:13:00,384 --> 02:13:04,616
I will give you an example of a conversation between Imam Abu Hanifah and Alamash.

1116
02:13:04,616 --> 02:13:11,531
Abu Hanifa is one of the most important Islamic scholars; the founder of the Sunni Hanafi school of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).

1117
02:13:11,531 --> 02:13:17,757
Alamash is one of the popular narrators of Hadith.

1118
02:13:17,757 --> 02:13:23,278
Alamash and Abu Hanifa were discussing some legal issues. 

1119
02:13:23,278 --> 02:13:32,996
Abu Hanifa answered the questions asked by referring to Hadiths. Alamash was amazed how he inferred that from Hadiths.

1120
02:13:32,996 --> 02:13:44,336
Then, Alamash said: “O scholars of Fiqh, you are the doctors and we are the pharmacists.” He meant by "we" the narrators.

1121
02:13:44,336 --> 02:13:58,348
Doctors are the ones who know about diseases and the medicinces required. After their diagnosis, they would prescribe the medicines offered by the pharmacist.

1122
02:13:58,348 --> 02:14:09,397
Pharmacists, on the other hand, would offer you the medicines; but they can't prescribe the best medicine for each patient based on their sickness. That's the job of doctors.

1123
02:14:09,397 --> 02:14:13,149
Similarly, narraotrs only validate the narration of Hadiths.

1124
02:14:13,149 --> 02:14:20,334
Actually, the scholars of Hadith are aware of this point; we should do the same.

1125
02:14:20,334 --> 02:14:33,546
When Albukhari compiled his book of Hadiths, he only attempted to address the narration and transmission of Hadith; although he was a prominent Faqih.

1126
02:14:33,546 --> 02:14:37,591
You would only find in his book the validated Hadiths; 

1127
02:14:37,591 --> 02:14:40,853
although he would, for some Hadiths, list his notes and comments.

1128
02:14:40,853 --> 02:14:53,103
However, Albukhari did not attempt to discuss in his book the issues of Fiqh nor did he infer them from the Hadiths.

1129
02:14:53,103 --> 02:14:58,107
Doctors, Islam Jurisprudents, are the one responsible for inferring and discussing the matters of Fiqh.

1130
02:14:58,107 --> 02:15:11,228
Generally, and I'm not confining that to your question, we should not reject the Hadiths narrated by Albukhari by saying: 

1131
02:15:11,228 --> 02:15:17,665
"How do you want us to abide to those rules in the Hadiths.. Why does Albukhari want us to do such and such"

1132
02:15:17,665 --> 02:15:20,944
Actually, Albukhari does not want us to do such and such; he was only transmitting validated narrated Hadiths.

1133
02:15:20,944 --> 02:15:23,245
It's the job of Faqih to infer laws from Hadiths.

1134
02:15:23,245 --> 02:15:35,864
Considering that essential point, lets explore why would narrators include different narrations in their books as what Albukhari did.

1135
02:15:35,864 --> 02:15:44,102
They do that for different purposes.

1136
02:15:44,102 --> 02:15:54,278
They seek to provide you the different narrations of 1 subject.

1137
02:15:54,278 --> 02:16:00,919
For example, Albukhari would narrate a Hadith saying that the Prophet (PBUH) passed away when he was 60 years old.

1138
02:16:00,919 --> 02:16:05,286
He would also narrate another Hadith by another Companion saying that the Prophet passed away when he was 63.

1139
02:16:05,286 --> 02:16:07,798
He would only provide you the various Hadiths in 1 subject.

1140
02:16:07,798 --> 02:16:14,653
Concerning when exactly he passed away and what could we infer from the Hadith, we should refer to the specialized in that subject.

1141
02:16:14,653 --> 02:16:27,610
You should refer in that matter to the Prophetic biography scholars who might tell you that Arabs during the old times tend to round numbers, while others give the exact number.

1142
02:16:27,610 --> 02:16:32,714
Such a matter is not the responsibility of Albukhari.

1143
02:16:32,714 --> 02:16:41,630
Albukhari only transmitted the Sahih Hadiths in that subject, while jurisprudents and scholars would use such Hadiths to infer Sharia matters.

1144
02:16:41,630 --> 02:16:56,367
He would sometimes deliver contradictory Hadiths provided that such contradictions do not affect the content of Hadiths.

1145
02:16:56,367 --> 02:17:02,282
A good example for that is the Hadith of Jaber's camel;

1146
02:17:02,282 --> 02:17:07,334
The story of that Hadith is very popular, but I don't want to go into its details, taking so much of your time. You can google it.

1147
02:17:07,334 --> 02:17:13,684
Briefly, the story says that the Prophet bought from Jaber his camel.

1148
02:17:13,684 --> 02:17:18,634
For how much did he buy it? Some narrations say that he bought it for 1 Dinar,

1149
02:17:18,634 --> 02:17:20,940
other narrations say that he bought it for less or higher than 1 Dinar.

1150
02:17:20,940 --> 02:17:30,191
However, all the narrations of that Hadith agreed on the est of the content; the only disagreement was regarding the price.

1151
02:17:30,191 --> 02:17:45,506
Albukhari, nevertheless, included all the narrations of that Hadith, as the disagreement regarding the price won't affect the Hadith's Islamic jurisprudence.

1152
02:17:45,506 --> 02:17:47,362
It won't matter whether it's 1 or 2 Dinars.

1153
02:17:47,362 --> 02:17:54,925
What mattered is the inference of Sharia laws; the purpose he mentioned in his book.

1154
02:17:54,925 --> 02:18:00,219
So, such contradictions won't affect the Hadith, that's why Albukhari included them.

1155
02:18:00,219 --> 02:18:15,370
Other narrators would do the same; transmitting all the different narrations of 1 subject so jurisprudents could provide their inference.

1156
02:18:15,370 --> 02:18:24,671
E.g., a narrator would narrate a Hadith that the Prophet (PBUH) forbade drinking while standing up.

1157
02:18:24,671 --> 02:18:26,448
That is a Shaih Hadith.

1158
02:18:26,448 --> 02:18:38,664
Another narration, regarding the same subject, says that the Prophet (PBUH) went to Mecca for his farewell Hajj, he drank Zamzam water while standing up.

1159
02:18:38,664 --> 02:18:48,167
Surely Albukhari noticed the contradiction between the 2 narrations, yet he kept them both for the jurisprudents.

1160
02:18:48,167 --> 02:19:01,043
Eventually, the jurisprudents would collect all the Hadiths relating to 1 subject, examine them, inferr the intended matters, and finally provide the inferred Sharia laws.

1161
02:19:01,043 --> 02:19:09,415
The jurists did the same for the "drinking while standing" Hadith, they inferred that the prohibition in that Hadith was out of advice; it's preferable to do so.

1162
02:19:09,415 --> 02:19:17,828
They also inferred such prohibition does not indicate that it's Haram to do so, as the Prophet did drink while standing to show that it is not.

1163
02:19:17,828 --> 02:19:26,244
Albukhari knew that; he included both Hadiths for the scholars to infer such matters.

1164
02:19:26,244 --> 02:19:49,181
Sometimes, other narrators would provide both contradictory narrations to indicate that the Sahih Hadith comes in another contradictory narration which is defective.

1165
02:19:49,181 --> 02:19:52,814
Such situations are rare, but they did occur.

1166
02:19:52,814 --> 02:20:03,290
The narrator by doing so wanted to indicate that they are aware of the other defective Hadith that contradicts with the Sahih Hadith.

1167
02:20:03,290 --> 02:20:06,487
It happened with some narrators.

1168
02:20:06,487 --> 02:20:12,764
However, it is our job, Hadith scholars, to examine the Sahih and defective Hadiths and specify them

1169
02:20:12,764 --> 02:20:23,600
The main point here is that we should realize that Albukhari was aware of the contradictions between some Hadiths.

1170
02:20:23,600 --> 02:20:31,991
Some narrated Hadiths in Albukhari's book contradict with today's concepts,

1171
02:20:31,991 --> 02:20:37,754
e.g., women's freedom, slaves and their freedom .. etc.

1172
02:20:37,754 --> 02:20:41,973
Other Hadiths may contradict with today's sciences; how could we explain that matter?

1173
02:20:41,973 --> 02:20:44,389
A very important and nice question.

1174
02:20:44,389 --> 02:20:48,764
I would like first to give an introduction before its answer.

1175
02:20:48,764 --> 02:21:03,252
facing some issues in Albukhari's work or in Hadiths should not make them defective. 

1176
02:21:03,252 --> 02:21:12,732
It is ok to ask questions that answer the issues you face in such matters.

1177
02:21:12,732 --> 02:21:17,269
However, we should look for its answer in the right way.

1178
02:21:17,269 --> 02:21:28,151
How should we deal with any Shariah issues or questions whether in Albukhari or others works.

1179
02:21:28,151 --> 02:21:41,943
If you are a specialized expert in that field, then you should use the right methodology and tools to look for the answer.

1180
02:21:41,943 --> 02:21:52,067
However, if you are not, which is the case with most of people, then you should refer to the expert ones to answer your questions.

1181
02:21:52,067 --> 02:22:05,918
It is not only a methodology of Sharia, it's a scientific logical one; to refer to the expert ones to answer your questions, it's a common sense.

1182
02:22:05,918 --> 02:22:15,410
Such methodology was already mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah.

1183
02:22:15,410 --> 02:22:29,040
Therefore, once we face an issue, we should consult the experts in the field to reach the answer we seek.

1184
02:22:29,040 --> 02:22:36,501
How should we deal with Hadiths that contradict with some aspects,

1185
02:22:36,501 --> 02:22:49,559
contradicting for example with the Quran, the infallibility of the Prophet, women's rights, or even modern science.

1186
02:22:49,559 --> 02:23:03,026
There is an issue when someone says that there is a Hadith contradicting with the Quran,

1187
02:23:03,026 --> 02:23:16,694
the issue is that the Hadith does not contradict with the Quran, yet with the way they interpret the Quran (their understanding of it).

1188
02:23:16,694 --> 02:23:32,063
Recently, a number of people who reject Sunnah have contacted me,

1189
02:23:32,063 --> 02:23:51,429
They tell me strange things, to the extent that they sometimes call me a polytheist for believing in Sunnah,

1190
02:23:51,429 --> 02:24:07,509
they would say that the Hadith contradicts with the Quran, yet it contradicts with their understanding of it.

1191
02:24:07,509 --> 02:24:18,829
Actually, all of the Sahih Hadiths that they claimed to be contradictory with Quran are contradictory with their understanding of it, not with the Quran itself.

1192
02:24:18,829 --> 02:24:31,943
Therefore, you who have such a claim, should first consider my understanding of the Quran and how the Hadiths do not contradict with it.

1193
02:24:31,943 --> 02:24:44,548
I am not telling you to adopt my way of thinking, I am just saying it's unfair to call me a polytheist based on your understanding of Quran.

1194
02:24:44,548 --> 02:24:47,464
Your understanding of Quran contradicts with my understanding of it, not with the Quran itself.

1195
02:24:47,464 --> 02:24:58,783
My understanding of Quran and Hadith is different than yours, you should not force me to adopt yours.

1196
02:24:58,783 --> 02:25:04,801
Even you, you should not force the other side to adopt your understanding.

1197
02:25:04,801 --> 02:25:13,561
Well, if I provide strong evidences that support my understanding, then I could convince the other side.

1198
02:25:13,561 --> 02:25:16,483
So, it is not about the understanding of someone...

1199
02:25:16,483 --> 02:25:23,465
It is not about people, it's about the scientific methodology;

1200
02:25:23,465 --> 02:25:30,912
Any understanding that contradicts the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH) is a wrong understanding.

1201
02:25:30,912 --> 02:25:33,450
That's the main point here.

1202
02:25:33,450 --> 02:25:44,125
Furthermore, one of the most important reasons why we need Sunnah is that it helps us in understanding Quran the right way.

1203
02:25:44,125 --> 02:26:00,835
Otherwise, if we are to let everyone understand Quran based on their own without having Sunnah, the standard and tool, then we would have contradictory understandings of Quran.

1204
02:26:00,835 --> 02:26:03,484
Actually, this is happening today.

1205
02:26:03,484 --> 02:26:12,957
Some people infer from Quran based on their own understanding that Prophet Mohammed was not a prophet!

1206
02:26:12,957 --> 02:26:22,548
Others infer that the 5 prayers we pray everyday are not obligatory!

1207
02:26:22,548 --> 02:26:31,589
Others as well infer and claim that we are not allowed to spread Islam among non-Arabs.

1208
02:26:31,589 --> 02:26:34,566
They infer all such claims from Quran!

1209
02:26:34,566 --> 02:26:48,084
Others as well infer from Quran that the forbidden things, that are agreed upon by most muslims, generation by generation, are not forbidden; e.g., adultery, usury (Riba), or alcohol drinking!

1210
02:26:48,084 --> 02:26:50,276
They would say that this is their understanding of Quran.

1211
02:26:50,276 --> 02:26:52,764
Does Quran order us to follow Sunnah?

1212
02:26:52,764 --> 02:26:55,095
Of course!

1213
02:26:55,095 --> 02:26:55,709
How?

1214
02:26:55,709 --> 02:27:03,997
There are many verses that refer us to the Prophet (PBUH).

1215
02:27:03,997 --> 02:27:13,804
There are the verses which command us to follow the Prophet "If you should love Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love you" 31 Alomran,

1216
02:27:13,804 --> 02:27:21,007
There are verses in which there is an order to follow the Prophet as an example "here has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern" 21 Alahzab.

1217
02:27:21,007 --> 02:27:31,268
There are verses that command us to be satisfied with his words "But no, by your Lord, they will not believe until they make you judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged" 65 Alnessaa.

1218
02:27:31,268 --> 02:27:38,391
There are verses that command us to respond to him "respond to Allah and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life." 24 Alanfal.

1219
02:27:38,391 --> 02:27:48,523
There're verses which order us to follow what the Prophet's ordered or forbade. There are so many verses regarding that.

1220
02:27:48,523 --> 02:27:52,031
So if I abide by Quran I would know that it ordered us to abide by Sunnah?

1221
02:27:52,031 --> 02:28:04,998
Yes! the Quran obliges you, it orders you to refer to the Prophet (PBUH), respond to his command, follow him, and avoid what he prohibited. The Quran tells you all of that. 

1222
02:28:04,998 --> 02:28:19,727
So, without having a valid criterion, Sunnah, which clarifies the correct understanding of the Quran, there would be someone saying that being a polytheist is alright. This is their understanding of Quran!

1223
02:28:19,727 --> 02:28:22,036
Actually we see that happening!

1224
02:28:22,036 --> 02:28:30,030
Terrorists spill the blood of people, blow up mosques and kill Muslims; they use the Quran as their reference based on their understanding of it!

1225
02:28:30,030 --> 02:28:41,084
If we allow everyone to come and conclude what they want, without having a criterion that shows right from wrong, we would witness such scenarios or even worse.

1226
02:28:41,084 --> 02:28:53,458
Concerning the contradition between Quran and Sunnah, we should realize that there is a difference between the Quarn and your understanding of it.

1227
02:28:53,458 --> 02:29:00,680
Therefore, whoever claims such a thing must consider how we understood the Quran.

1228
02:29:00,680 --> 02:29:08,613
E.g., in Sahih Albukhari, the Prophet (PBUH) was bewitched by a Jewish man. 

1229
02:29:08,613 --> 02:29:22,305
People said that this contradicts the Quran as the Quran states that the Prophet (PBUH) was not bewitched, unlike the saying of the polytheists ... etc.

1230
02:29:22,305 --> 02:29:36,765
The first point that we should understand: Those who say that this hadith is authentic have a different understanding of the Quran, the verses, and the hadith.

1231
02:29:36,765 --> 02:29:46,032
How did the Islamic scholars understand that Hadith in a way that does not contradict their understanding of the Quran?

1232
02:29:46,032 --> 02:29:54,574
They said that the witchcraft of the Prophet (PBUH) had a control over his body only.

1233
02:29:54,574 --> 02:30:04,832
This happened before with the prophets of Allah; Satan took control over the body of Ayoub, "Indeed, Satan has touched me with hardship and torment.". 

1234
02:30:04,832 --> 02:30:16,113
The magicians of Pharaoh controlled the eyes of Moses (PBUH) "they seemed to him from their magic that they were moving [like snakes]. And he sensed within himself apprehension) 66 67 Taha. 

1235
02:30:16,113 --> 02:30:24,917
The enemies of Allah also dominated his prophets, they killed some of them by controlling their bodies only.

1236
02:30:24,917 --> 02:30:28,001
Did'nt it affect the .....

1237
02:30:28,001 --> 02:30:36,244
Yes, it did not affect the revelation, nor his taking of the revelation, 
nor his transmission of the revelation. This is what we -who authenticate the Hadith- understand. 

1238
02:30:36,244 --> 02:30:40,539
You may disagree with us; however, do not attribute to us words we did not say!  

1239
02:30:40,539 --> 02:30:49,116
We did not say that the Prophet (PBUH) was bewitched, affecting his transmission or understanding of revelation.

1240
02:30:49,116 --> 02:30:50,942
We did not say that!

1241
02:30:50,942 --> 02:30:57,263
So the bewitching of the Prophet did not affect his mind, the revelation, the transmission of revelation, and so on?

1242
02:30:57,263 --> 02:31:08,669
Yes, all that narrated in this matter is related to how it affected him physically. It did not affect the Prophet's transmission of the religion. 

1243
02:31:08,669 --> 02:31:22,799
Therefore, the life of the Prophet, continued as it was, and hardly anyone knew that he was bewitched except the people of his household.

1244
02:31:22,799 --> 02:31:37,241
Accordingly, we can't say that the Hadith contradicts the Quran should we understand it in this way.

1245
02:31:37,241 --> 02:31:41,339
We should be careful of our understanding of Hadith and Quran.

1246
02:31:41,339 --> 02:31:49,791
For example, the Hadiths related to women are sometimes debated by those who did not understand it well.

1247
02:31:49,791 --> 02:31:57,583
E.g., the Hadith “a Muslim's Salat (prayer) would be cut off by [the passing of] a woman, a donkey and a dog"

1248
02:31:57,583 --> 02:32:02,428
This is one of the Sahih Hadiths.

1249
02:32:02,428 --> 02:32:10,594
Some people reject this Hadith and believe that it insults women, putting them in the same level of dogs and donkeys.

1250
02:32:10,594 --> 02:32:19,662
Before misunderstanding ir, refer to the doctors of hadith and ask them what is meant by it to realize that the meaning is completely different.

1251
02:32:19,662 --> 02:32:25,160
Firstly, you should understand the meaning of cutting a prayer off.

1252
02:32:25,160 --> 02:32:29,847
Cutting off the prayer here does not mean that the prayer has become invalid, the prayer is still valid. 

1253
02:32:29,847 --> 02:32:31,231
Then what does it mean?

1254
02:32:31,231 --> 02:32:47,779
What is meant by it is that if they pass in front of the worshipper, 
they sometimes disrupt him and may affect the reverence of the prayer.

1255
02:32:47,779 --> 02:33:07,526
Therefore, the majority of scholars, despite all the hadiths related to cutting off the prayer, say that the prayer is valid even if a woman, a donkey, or a dog passes infront of the worshipper.

1256
02:33:07,526 --> 02:33:25,135
Someone migh ask, why did he single out these three? The answer is that they may confuse the one praying.

1257
02:33:25,135 --> 02:33:34,442
So a woman might distract him especially if he is not her guardian [Mahram]. He may be seduced by her if she passes in front of him while he is praying. 

1258
02:33:34,442 --> 02:33:41,880
A donkey might hurt him. Even a dog might distract him.

1259
02:33:41,880 --> 02:33:49,833
You mean to understand the common thing. If you assume that the common thing between these three is,
 for example, their lower status, you will be upset.

1260
02:33:49,833 --> 02:33:50,688
Yes, correct.

1261
02:33:50,688 --> 02:33:53,286
But if you say no, the common thing is something else, then you will accept it.

1262
02:33:53,286 --> 02:33:59,181
The common thing among them is that they confuse the prayer, which could spoil the spirit of the prayer.

1263
02:33:59,181 --> 02:34:17,488
An evidence for this is that the Prophet was praying in his room which was very narrow, as narrated in Sahih Albukhari. Aisha said: 

1264
02:34:17,488 --> 02:34:23,611
"I used to stretch my legs towards the Qibla of the Prophet while the Prophet was praying; 

1265
02:34:23,611 --> 02:34:34,636
whenever he prostrated he touched me, and I would withdraw my legs, and whenever he stood up, I would restretch my legs.” His prayer was not cutt off!

1266
02:34:34,636 --> 02:34:41,893
So, the matter is related to the distraction that may be caused to a person, and this is what the Prophet (PBUH) talked about. 

1267
02:34:41,893 --> 02:34:50,333
For this reason, he commanded that a prayer put on Sutrah [screen or covering] so that one would avoid such distraction.

1268
02:34:50,333 --> 02:34:56,126
So, it is a different understanding.

1269
02:34:56,126 --> 02:35:02,800
Another example, with regard to modern science, is the hadith of the fly.

1270
02:35:02,800 --> 02:35:15,156
The Prophet said "If a house fly falls in the drink of anyone of you, he should dip it (in the drink) and take it out, for one of its wings has a disease and the other has the cure for the disease."

1271
02:35:15,156 --> 02:35:24,396
Many objected and said that modern science has proven that the fly is full of germs and diseases, so how do you command us to dip it? 

1272
02:35:24,396 --> 02:35:42,574
Actually, there are scientific studies- some conducted by non-Muslims who are surely not biased- proved that what the hadith mentioned is true.

1273
02:35:42,574 --> 02:35:55,186
Such studies proved that a fly carries with it diseases and carries as well what protect us from those diseases. 

1274
02:35:55,186 --> 02:36:04,801
The details are there, and books have been written about it. I just wanted to point out that there are scientific studies proving that this hadith is true.

1275
02:36:04,801 --> 02:36:07,443
What if these studies did not exist?

1276
02:36:07,443 --> 02:36:22,232
This is what I was going to tell you. There are studies that prove this, but the most important thing is that this way of dealing with hadith and modern science is wrong. 

1277
02:36:22,232 --> 02:36:31,216
Those who object should have studies that oppose what we have.

1278
02:36:31,216 --> 02:36:38,058
When you tell me that the fly contains diseases, the Hadith already said that. You didn't find out anything new.

1279
02:36:38,058 --> 02:36:44,785
This did not require modern laboratories to discover it, the Hadith mentioned it fourteen hundred years ago.

1280
02:36:44,785 --> 02:36:54,712
But the main point is to pay attention to where you think there is a conflict. 

1281
02:36:54,712 --> 02:37:06,346
First thing, is it a contradiction with a scientific fact? That is, is the contradiction real?

1282
02:37:06,346 --> 02:37:14,228
The second thing, does the Hadith contradict a definitive proven scientific fact? 

1283
02:37:14,228 --> 02:37:28,497
This second point is important. Some people would refer to unproven studies (not even a theory) and accordingly reject the Hadith on that basis!

1284
02:37:28,497 --> 02:37:35,050
When it is a scientific fact, we will deal with it as a scientific fact, and we will consider understanding the hadith accordingly. 

1285
02:37:35,050 --> 02:37:48,582
But it is not scientifically correct to deal with a Hadith based on a study or theory, claiming that it is proven and definitive. We can't deal with narrations and news in this way!

1286
02:37:48,582 --> 02:37:58,449
In addition, the Prophet only offered that as an advice; it's not obligatory!

1287
02:37:58,449 --> 02:38:11,083
The Prophet (PBUH) did not compel you to do so, if you don't prefer to do that, then don't!

1288
02:38:11,083 --> 02:38:24,155
Modern science has proven it is correct. However, it is just an advice.

1289
02:38:24,155 --> 02:38:30,615
It happened that the Prophet (PBUH) guided to an order and found out that it was the opposite, as in the Hadith of palm trees.

1290
02:38:30,615 --> 02:38:37,486
This is another issue. I'm just saying that we should look at each matter separately.

1291
02:38:37,486 --> 02:38:47,742
Those who claim that the modern science opposes the hadith of the fly did not provide a proven evidence, as science supports the Hadith.

1292
02:38:47,742 --> 02:38:54,882
It is not right then to deal with the Hadith as if it violated modern science.

1293
02:38:54,882 --> 02:39:11,403
It is the responsibility of Faqih to infer from the text of Hadith the Islamic teachings.

1294
02:39:11,403 --> 02:39:20,128
a Faqih is the one inferring whether that Hadith enails an advice or an obligation.

1295
02:39:20,128 --> 02:39:32,250
By the way, one of the nice examples of this issue of inconsistency is a point that is raised a lot, and some people came to me recently discussing it.

1296
02:39:32,250 --> 02:39:42,984
They asked me about the hadeeth of breastfeeding adults, telling me that Albukhari said it is permissible for a woman to breastfeed an adult. 

1297
02:39:42,984 --> 02:39:50,985
I told them hold on! Albukhari only narrated the Hadith.The question of whether this is permissible or not is another thing.

1298
02:39:50,985 --> 02:40:01,300
You are attributing to Albukhari what he did not say. This is not allowed. He just narrated the Hadith.

1299
02:40:01,300 --> 02:40:11,069
By the way, Imam Albukhari divided the hadiths into chapters. His chapters were very important and smarly-put.

1300
02:40:11,069 --> 02:40:19,575
The chapters he put and how he divided the Hadiths showed how genius he was.

1301
02:40:19,575 --> 02:40:26,236
He divided his writings into scientific books: "The Book of Prayer", "The Book of Purity", "The Book of Faith", and "The Book of Interpretation". 

1302
02:40:26,236 --> 02:40:36,494
Then within every single book like "the Book of Interpretation", he put chapters, for example, different chapters within Surat Al-Imran, and so on.

1303
02:40:36,494 --> 02:40:55,552
Albukhari mentioned the hadeeth of breastfeeding the adults under a chapter where he saw that this ruling is a special one for Salim, the mawla -guardian- of Abi Hudhayfah, and that it is not a general provision.

1304
02:40:55,552 --> 02:41:01,454
You should not attribute to Albukhari what he did not say!

1305
02:41:01,454 --> 02:41:04,182
What is meant by that Hadith?

1306
02:41:04,182 --> 02:41:14,341
Did that thing, breastfeeding the adults, happened? ye it did. but what is the ruling here?

1307
02:41:14,341 --> 02:41:29,760
The Arabs, women and men before Islam, used to adopt young children, raising them as their children, 

1308
02:41:29,760 --> 02:41:38,134
they would give them the names of their adopted fathers and share with them the inheritance. They would be as children of their own.

1309
02:41:38,134 --> 02:41:43,337
This was common before and at the beginning of Islam.

1310
02:41:43,337 --> 02:42:00,310
Abu Hudhaifah and his wife, Sahla, adopted a young child, Salem. They gave him their lineage, adopted him, and raised him. They only knew him as a son, and he only knew them as a mother and a father.

1311
02:42:00,310 --> 02:42:09,371
Then, a verse was revealed prohibiting adoption, ordering people to call the adopted ones by their real names.

1312
02:42:09,371 --> 02:42:12,435
"Call them by [the names of] their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allah." 5 Alahzab. 

1313
02:42:12,435 --> 02:42:25,555
Here, a change occurred, as Salem was still a young man in the prime of his life, but now things had changed.

1314
02:42:25,555 --> 02:42:39,501
If Abu Hudhaifa died, he-Salem- would have the right to marry Umm Hudhaifa, who had been treating her throughout his life as his mother and treating her husband as his father.

1315
02:42:39,501 --> 02:42:51,532
Such a situation caused some kind of embarrassment in the house of Abu Hudhaifa. Salem lived with them and had no one else but them and they had no one else but him.

1316
02:42:51,532 --> 02:43:20,083
“Sahlah bint Suhail came to the Prophet and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I see signs of displeasure on the face of Abu Hudhaifah when Salim enters upon me.” (She felt that Sallim showed signs of puberty)

1317
02:43:20,083 --> 02:43:33,093
The Prophet said: “Breastfeed him.” She said: “How can I breastfeed him when he is a grown man? 

1318
02:43:33,093 --> 02:43:36,878
The Messenger of Allah smiled and said: “breastfeed him.” 

1319
02:43:36,878 --> 02:43:45,264
How did she breastfeed him? She did not breastfeed him as breastfeeding children. This is one of the common mistakes.

1320
02:43:45,264 --> 02:43:57,956
But as reported by some narrators, and as it was reported by Ibn Abd al-Barr and others, she would pour out some of her milk in a vessel and send it for him to drink.

1321
02:43:57,956 --> 02:44:13,848
Why did this incident happen? To solve a temporary problem that will not happen again as the adoption was ended. These parents adopted Salem who lived with them as their son.

1322
02:44:13,848 --> 02:44:30,803
This problem occurred, and the Prophet (PBUH) gave them this solution to solve this temporary problem for this special case that rarely existed at that time, and it would not happen after that because the case of adoption ended.

1323
02:44:30,803 --> 02:44:42,660
It is not the image that comes to mind for breastfeeding a 20-years-old adult from the breast of another woman. This image is strange.

1324
02:44:42,660 --> 02:45:02,242
Yes, it is true, and therefore the majority of Muslim scholars understood from this hadith that it is specific to this case only, the case of Salem, Abu Hudhaifa and Umm Hudhaifa.

1325
02:45:02,242 --> 02:45:19,907
The majority of Muslim scholars did not generalize it to anyone, and none of the later Muslim scholars disagreed with them.

1326
02:45:19,907 --> 02:45:36,114
This is the hadith of adult breastfeeding, its understanding, its origin, and these are its circumstances which Al-Bukhari narrated in his book. This is how Muslim jurists explained it.

1327
02:45:36,114 --> 02:45:42,495
Regardless of all of that mentioned, some would still use that Hadith incorrectly and tarnish the image of Albukhari for a Hadith he just narrated.

1328
02:45:42,495 --> 02:45:52,401
Al-Bukhari narrated the Hadith as it really happened. He referred to the jurists to see if this is allowedt, they said no and said that it is a special case which came to treat a rare problem.

1329
02:45:52,401 --> 02:46:03,139
Actually, if we consider the context of that story, we would realize how our religion sought to solve the great issues faced by the people.

1330
02:46:03,139 --> 02:46:12,682
When someone objects without knowing all of that, this strange image would come to their mind.

1331
02:46:12,682 --> 02:46:35,526
Therefore, we should understand Hadiths correctly, otherwise, we would encounter mistakes and issues. Such issues could be avoided if a scientific methodology were followed.

1332
02:46:36,165 --> 02:46:42,701
It has been 11 centuries since Albukhari, did not muslims have someone as good as him during such a long time?

1333
02:46:42,701 --> 02:46:44,803
Could you repeat it?

1334
02:46:44,803 --> 02:46:47,555
Did not muslims have someone as good as Albukhari throughout the years?

1335
02:46:47,555 --> 02:46:54,864
I mean why would Muslims be protective of Albukhari?

1336
02:46:54,864 --> 02:47:04,672
I believe you would only ask this question if you only consider Albukhari's book as a work by Albukhari only.

1337
02:47:04,672 --> 02:47:13,372
Actually, Sahih Albukhari is not a work by Albukhari only, scientifically speaking.

1338
02:47:13,372 --> 02:47:17,580
You might ask: Did someone else compose that book with him? No!

1339
02:47:17,580 --> 02:47:28,905
When Albukhari composed his book, his book was examined heavily by Hadith criticism scholars.

1340
02:47:28,905 --> 02:47:46,642
Hundreds of muslim scholars have critically examined his book.

1341
02:47:46,642 --> 02:48:12,072
Nowadays, however, to be qualified to receive your Master's or PhD for your thesis, it would be examined by only 3 experts to be qualified and validated.

1342
02:48:12,072 --> 02:48:14,300
This is how it is done today.

1343
02:48:14,300 --> 02:48:28,437
Unlike that, Sahih Albukhari was examined not only by 3, or 30 or even 300 experts;

1344
02:48:28,437 --> 02:48:43,843
Actually, it has been examined ever since it was composed till this date by hundreds and thousands of experts and scholars from different fields.

1345
02:48:43,843 --> 02:48:50,123
So, it was scientifically reviewed since the time of Albukhari.

1346
02:48:50,123 --> 02:48:59,209
When one of Albukhari's students, Imam Alnisai was asked about one of the narrators mentioned in Albukhari's book, 

1347
02:48:59,209 --> 02:49:10,976
he replied that Sahih Albukhari is the best of all Sunnah's books, although Alnisai had his own book of Sunnah.

1348
02:49:10,976 --> 02:49:18,092
The book has gone through extensive scientific review by many experts.

1349
02:49:18,092 --> 02:49:26,523
Each expert would critically review the book and then validate it as the best in addressing Sunnah.

1350
02:49:26,523 --> 02:49:43,541
A huge number of experts and jurists from different religious schools, and throughout various countries and times agree that his book is a Sunnah resource for every muslim.

1351
02:49:43,541 --> 02:49:53,951
Albukhari did not acquire status for being a noted scholar, although he was, he acquired it as his book was validated by scholars.

1352
02:49:53,951 --> 02:49:58,933
By the way, the scholars who studied and examined his book did not glorify Albukhari;

1353
02:49:58,933 --> 02:50:08,640
Some scholars admitted that Albukhari was a prominent Imam an scholar, yet they disagreed with him regarding some Hadiths.

1354
02:50:08,640 --> 02:50:13,330
For example, Imam Al-Daraqutni and other scholars disagreed with Albukhari on a few Hadiths.

1355
02:50:13,330 --> 02:50:18,339
Al-Daraqutni for instance addressed a few Hadiths and clarified that he disagreed with Al Bukhari regarding them.

1356
02:50:18,339 --> 02:50:21,494
Very few Hadiths.

1357
02:50:21,494 --> 02:50:31,388
In a book by Dr. Mustafa Bahu, he compiled the Hadiths from the Sahihayn (The Two Sahihs) which were addressed by Hadith scholars;

1358
02:50:31,388 --> 02:50:42,187
he examined and methodologically examined those Hadiths.

1359
02:50:42,187 --> 02:50:54,658
The Hadiths by Albukhari that were addressed in that book were 152 or 156 out of 2609 Hadiths;

1360
02:50:54,658 --> 02:50:59,426
that is only about 5%.

1361
02:50:59,426 --> 02:51:04,453
Scholars disagreed with around 5% of Hadiths compiled by Albukhari. 

1362
02:51:04,453 --> 02:51:10,010
However, other scholars who came after the ones disagreeing with Albukhari clarified that Albukhari was right in those Hadiths.

1363
02:51:10,010 --> 02:51:13,415
I'm just telling you that there were disagreements whether they were right or wrong.

1364
02:51:13,415 --> 02:51:28,097
So, all the scholars who followed Albukhari believe that 95% of his Hadiths are validated.

1365
02:51:28,097 --> 02:51:32,344
Such a scientific review granted Albukhari's work its high status, being very important.

1366
02:51:32,344 --> 02:51:46,988
Albukhari was a knowledgeable, well-informed, and a skilled writer Imam, also, his works were scientifically reviewed throughout different generations.

1367
02:51:46,988 --> 02:52:00,524
Therefore, there are no other books extensively considered throughout Islam's history like the book of Albukhari.

1368
02:52:00,524 --> 02:52:15,000
The manuscripts we've got today, according to the Catalogue of Arabic Heritage indexes by Aal Al-Bayt (one of the most popular indexes), are more than 2300 manuscripts,

1369
02:52:15,000 --> 02:52:20,428
It only addressed the indexed ones; there are so many unindexed libraries that were not addressed.

1370
02:52:20,428 --> 02:52:39,266
The indexed libraries include more than 2300 copies of hand-written manuscripts of Sahih Albukhari throughout different countries and times and by different writers.

1371
02:52:39,266 --> 02:52:40,678
Are these copies identical?

1372
02:52:40,678 --> 02:52:45,789
Definitely, they are scientifically identical.

1373
02:52:45,789 --> 02:52:55,511
There could be a miswriting in a copy, however, the different copies were not contradictory.

1374
02:52:55,511 --> 02:52:57,465
There were no differences among these copies.

1375
02:52:57,465 --> 02:53:00,331
Are those copies

1376
02:53:00,331 --> 02:53:17,710
You may refer to the Catalogue I just mentioned. You would find information of each manuscript: The library where it's kept, its microfilm, its date... etc.

1377
02:53:17,710 --> 02:53:20,822
That's why muslims consider Sahih Albukhari  as the most authentic book after the Quran.

1378
02:53:20,822 --> 02:53:26,958
That is only an example of how Muslims have had a great interest in Albukhari's book.

1379
02:53:26,958 --> 02:53:34,029
Further more, the interest of muslims in that book led them to author books that are related to Sahih Albukhari. 

1380
02:53:34,029 --> 02:53:42,960
A number of scholars conducted a study to clarify how the 6 canonical books were followed by other works related to them.

1381
02:53:42,960 --> 02:54:09,653
They found that Sahih Albukhari was followed by more than 650 books that tackled that book scientifically.

1382
02:54:09,653 --> 02:54:21,112
650 books! such books were of many volumes, such as the 20-volume book  "Fath al-Bari" by Imam Ibn Hajar.

1383
02:54:21,112 --> 02:54:23,954
"Fath al-Bari" is one out of 650 books.

1384
02:54:23,954 --> 02:54:51,518
Such books served Sahih Albukhari in different ways, they provided explanations, footnotes, rectifications, evaluation of narrators, evaluation of those who narrated about Albukhari ... etc.

1385
02:54:51,518 --> 02:54:57,725
Such books served Sahih Abukhari in 40 different ways.

1386
02:54:57,725 --> 02:55:03,894
Some of such books tackled the Arabic language in Sahih Albukhari and provided explanations with repect to that.

1387
02:55:03,894 --> 02:55:18,139
Interestingly, some books included poems that would make it easy for students to memorize the Hadiths compiled by Albukhari, and to memorize the narrators in his book.

1388
02:55:18,139 --> 02:55:24,728
So, there are many books authored to serve as appendices of Sahih Albukhari.

1389
02:55:24,728 --> 02:55:32,868
For example, there is a book explaining the complicated strange words in Sahih Albukhari.

1390
02:55:32,868 --> 02:55:38,016
Even the debated Hadiths in Sahih Albukhari were tackled in one book.

1391
02:55:38,016 --> 02:55:47,273
Another book collected all the narrators mentioned in Sahih Albukhari as "a man of the companions".

1392
02:55:47,273 --> 02:55:50,737
Such books tackled different aspects of Sahih Albukhari.

1393
02:55:50,737 --> 02:55:53,824
So, Sahih Albukhari reached the highest level as it was extensively studied and examined.

1394
02:55:53,824 --> 02:56:04,248
Sahih Albukhari was the top superior book of Sunnah as it has been continuously validated; it proved its strength compared to other books.

1395
02:56:04,248 --> 02:56:10,139
The book deserved all the attention by muslims across the world. We should not be surprised that it has been heavily addressed in different works.

1396
02:56:10,139 --> 02:56:19,499
Therefore, some Islamic scholars stated that the Hadiths mentioned in Sahih Albukhari are 100% authentic.

1397
02:56:19,499 --> 02:56:23,312
However, other scholars believe that not all of them are certinely authentic, yet they are of various categories. 

1398
02:56:23,312 --> 02:56:30,853
They say that some Hadiths in Sahih Albukhari are validated by the consensus of Islamic scholars; they include no issues.

1399
02:56:30,853 --> 02:56:37,551
So, the scholars have different positions with that regard, some say that they are 100% authentic yet others disagree with that. The latter one is the most likely one, according to Ibn Hajar and others.

1400
02:56:37,551 --> 02:56:59,535
Sahih Albukhari gained its reputation as it was scientifically reviewed, studied, and examined since the day it was authored till this date. A number of huge works tackled that book.

1401
02:56:59,535 --> 02:57:07,982
Sadly, those who reject Albukhary or attack him or his work have no idea about all what I've just mentioned.

1402
02:57:07,982 --> 02:57:18,289
Albukhari had worked with other great scholars and learned from them. 

1403
02:57:18,289 --> 02:57:32,721
So, the science of Hadith reached its peak back then before Albukhari. When Albukhari started working in that field, he reached the top of that peak.

1404
02:57:32,721 --> 02:57:41,096
Sure, the hadiths he compiled in his book were always there whether before or after his book.

1405
02:57:41,096 --> 02:57:51,089
However, the great efforts of Albukhari were in filtering the most valid and authentic Hadiths to compile them in his book.

1406
02:57:51,089 --> 02:58:04,416
It's important to note that Albukhari did not state that he collected all the Sahih Hadiths, he compiled what he could.

1407
02:58:04,416 --> 02:58:26,614
Albukhari's masterpiece entailed compiling in his book the most authentic Hadithats that were thouroghly examined and validated. His book was validated through a scientific methodology by Islamic scholars. 

1408
02:58:26,614 --> 02:58:32,635
The Hadiths he included in his book were already narrated by the ones before him; he validated them.

1409
02:58:32,635 --> 02:58:43,032
By the way, the printed books by Albukhari's Sheikhs, such as "Musnad Ahmad" and "Musnad Al-Humaydi", had already mentioned the Hadiths included in Albukhari's book.

1410
02:58:43,032 --> 02:58:48,730
Those Hadiths were also included in the books by scholars before Albukhari, e.g., "Muwatta Imam Malik" and "Musannaf of Abd Al-Razzaq".

1411
02:58:48,730 --> 02:58:50,154
What about the scholars after him?

1412
02:58:50,154 --> 02:58:52,129
They were also included in the books of scholars after Albukhari.

1413
02:58:52,129 --> 02:59:03,889
One of the interesting works that tackled Sahih Albukhari clarified the extracts of it.

1414
02:59:03,889 --> 02:59:06,039
Do you know what I mean by Extracts?

1415
02:59:06,039 --> 02:59:43,482
A scholar- lets say who comes the 2nd in the Isnad of Albukhari- would extract each Hadith in Albukhari's and narrate them on the authority of someone other than Albukhari; ensuring that he was not the only one narrating that Hadith.

1416
02:59:43,482 --> 02:59:51,239
E.g., the Hadith “Actions are to be judged only by intentions" was narrated by Albukhari on the authority of Alhumaidi on the authority of Sufyan Ibn Uyaynah on the authority of Yahya bin Sa'id Alansari.

1417
02:59:51,239 --> 03:00:07,859
To make sure that this Hadith was not only narrated by Albukhari and that they are authentic, a scholar would try to trace the Hadith with a chain of transmission that does not include Albukhari.

1418
03:00:07,859 --> 03:00:20,948
Therefore, there isn't even one word in Albukhari's compiled Hadiths that were not mentioned in other works by other scholars.

1419
03:00:20,948 --> 03:00:35,540
Therefore, all the great efforts exerted for Sahih Al Bukhari qualified it to be the most important Sunnah resource for Muslims.

1420
03:00:35,540 --> 03:00:50,008
Surely there are narrators other than Albukhari, and there are other important books of Sunnah; yet Sahih Albukhari topped them all, taking into consideration what we've mentioned before.

1421
03:00:50,008 --> 03:00:53,777
So, there isn't any Hadith exclusively included in Albukhari's?

1422
03:00:53,777 --> 03:01:06,761
All the Hadiths in Albukhari's were already mentioned in other scholars' books, He did not mention any exclusive Hadith.

1423
03:01:06,761 --> 03:01:08,898
Not even an exclusive narration?

1424
03:01:08,898 --> 03:01:13,150
Yes, I mean the narrations of the Prophet (PBUH).

1425
03:01:13,150 --> 03:01:19,798
Even the narrations that Albukhari would mention as a comment on a Hadith. 

1426
03:01:19,798 --> 03:01:31,773
Albukhari would include in a Chapter some notes and references. Geniusus are good with references and summaries; Albukhari was a genius.

1427
03:01:31,773 --> 03:01:34,676
I would give you a good example.

1428
03:01:34,676 --> 03:01:54,698
In his book "ٍPrayers [Salat]", he included a Chapter titled "ٌRuling in Praying at a Church"

1429
03:01:54,698 --> 03:01:56,818
Is it permissible to pray in a church?

1430
03:01:56,818 --> 03:02:10,606
Albukhari narrated that Um Salama told the Prophet (PBUH) about a church which she had seen in Ethiopia. She told him about the pictures which she had seen in it. The prophet said: 

1431
03:02:10,606 --> 03:02:23,426
"If any righteous pious man dies amongst them, they would build a place of worship at his grave and make these pictures in it; they are the worst creatures in the sight of Allah."

1432
03:02:23,426 --> 03:02:27,707
How is that narrated Hadith related to praying in a church!

1433
03:02:27,707 --> 03:02:46,708
To clarify what he wanted to address, Albukhari added a comment. He called that Chapter "Praying in a Church" and added a comment of a narration without its isnad (as it is mentioed somewhere else).

1434
03:02:46,708 --> 03:02:56,334
He added a narration by Umar (RA) who said "We are not praying in your churches because of the Pictures or statues in it"

1435
03:02:56,334 --> 03:03:03,789
Albukhari added that Ibn Abbas prayed in a church that had no pictures or statues.

1436
03:03:03,789 --> 03:03:06,521
Albukhari added those 2 narrations of Umar and Ibn Abbas as a comment.

1437
03:03:06,521 --> 03:03:09,742
He added along with those narrations the Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH).

1438
03:03:09,742 --> 03:03:35,600
What he wanted to clarify by doing so that the issue regarding praying in a church is the pictures and statues in it; not the church itself.

1439
03:03:35,600 --> 03:03:38,567
This technique of his required a skill.

1440
03:03:38,567 --> 03:03:53,505
Interestingly, even that technique in Albukhari's book was tackled by some scholars' books; they sought to clarify the Isnad of such narrations that were added in his comments.

1441
03:03:53,505 --> 03:04:16,770
E.g., Ibn Hajar authored a book titled "Commentary Closed [Taghliq Alta'liq]" in which he addressed the Isnad of every narration mentioend in Albukhari's book as a comment.

1442
03:04:16,770 --> 03:04:23,768
Albukhari deserved all those services offered by Muslim scholars that would assist his works. 

1443
03:04:23,768 --> 03:04:27,988
Such works that followed the books of Albukhari played a big role of the great attention paid to Albukhari by muslims around the world.

1444
03:04:27,988 --> 03:04:34,877
Through Albukhari's work, we can see how muslims put great effort to protect the Prophet's Sunnah in order to follow it.

1445
03:04:34,877 --> 03:04:44,520
So, do we get Sunnah only from Albukhari's? of course not, yet Albukhari's works were of great importance.

1446
03:04:44,520 --> 03:04:52,680
You consider any attack on Albukhari to be an attack on the Sunnah’s methodology and scholars.

1447
03:04:52,680 --> 03:04:57,192
People who criticize Albukhari could be categorized under different categories.

1448
03:04:57,192 --> 03:04:59,061
We should be fair to them.

1449
03:04:59,061 --> 03:05:15,000
Some do not believe in the Prophet (PBUH) and are atheists or non-Muslims.

1450
03:05:15,000 --> 03:05:24,584
They criticize Albukhari and his hadiths while their problem is not with albukhari, but rather with believing in the Prophet (PBUH) in the first place, besides their ignorance in their objection. 

1451
03:05:24,584 --> 03:05:31,521
Some objectors are those who object because they do not believe in the Prophet’s Sunnah as a source of Islamic teachings.

1452
03:05:31,521 --> 03:05:39,787
Similar to the first group, their problem is not with Albukhari; rather with the Prophet’s Sunnah being a source of Islamic teachings.

1453
03:05:39,787 --> 03:05:50,401
Finally, some objectors believe in the Prophet’s Sunnah as a source of Islamic teachings; yet, they believe that some hadiths have issues and should not be considered valid. 

1454
03:05:50,401 --> 03:05:53,480
This group is different than the first and second groups. 

1455
03:05:53,480 --> 03:05:59,576
Indeed, most of these people criticize Albukhari based on weak scientific facts.

1456
03:05:59,576 --> 03:06:07,314
Although most objections are scientifically weak,  I can't equate all the groups.

1457
03:06:07,314 --> 03:06:28,529
Generally, those who reject the strongest and most correct books on the Prophet’s Sunnah, in terms of transmission and defense, are somehow rejecting the Sunnah of the Prophet even if they do not want to.

1458
03:06:28,529 --> 03:06:29,985
How is that?

1459
03:06:29,985 --> 03:06:46,028
To prove that claim to that group, let us suppose we exclude Sahih al-Bukhari; what alternative do we have in knowing the correct Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH)? 

1460
03:06:46,028 --> 03:06:54,995
Could you name a valid strong alternative methodology? There are no other alternatives as goog as Albukhari’s.

1461
03:06:54,995 --> 03:07:15,880
Therefore, even if they did not want to reject the Prophet’s Sunnah, they would do so once they reject Sahih Albukhari which is the best work of Sunnah.

1462
03:07:15,880 --> 03:07:31,001
I understood from this interview that none had published a book like Sahih Albukhari for eleven centuries, as it is a comprehensive resource for the Sunnah.

1463
03:07:31,001 --> 03:07:36,610
I would like to highlight an important fact. Not all authentic hadiths are found in Sahih al-Bukhari.

1464
03:07:36,610 --> 03:07:46,455
That is why his student, Imam Muslim, composed his Sahih al-Jami’ after him, in which there are hadiths that are not found in the book of his sheikh and are indeed authentic.

1465
03:07:46,455 --> 03:07:58,614
Imam Ibn Khuzaymah, also one of his students, composed his book Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, which contains hadiths that Ibn Khuzaymah considered authentic and are not in al-Bukhari’s nor Muslim’s.

1466
03:07:58,614 --> 03:08:10,304
Even Ibn Hibban, a student of Ibn Khuzaymah, composed a book called "Sahih Ibn Hibban", which included some hadiths that weren't mentioned in Al-Bukhari’s, Muslim’s, nor Ibn Khuzaymah’s. These are all printed books. 

1467
03:08:10,304 --> 03:08:17,931
Imam Al-Hakim came after them and composed a huge voluminous book entitled “Al-Mustadrak Ala Alsahihayn”.

1468
03:08:17,931 --> 03:08:20,525
There is an interesting reason behind its authoring.

1469
03:08:20,525 --> 03:08:27,789
It is said that people came to him at that time and claimed that there was no Hadith marked as Sahih and not included in either Sahih Al-Bukhari or Muslim.

1470
03:08:27,789 --> 03:08:34,792
Imam Al-Hakim confirmed that Sahih Al-Bukhari and Muslim are the most important resources for the Prophet's authentic Hadiths; however, they are not including all the authentic ones.

1471
03:08:34,792 --> 03:08:46,514
To prove that, he challenged those people by composing a book that would include Sahih Hadiths that were not included in the 2 Sahihs, and to collect hadiths that were from the same Isnad of the 2.

1472
03:08:46,514 --> 03:08:55,595
He compiled a huge encyclopedia containing thousands of authentic Hadiths of the Prophet. 

1473
03:08:55,595 --> 03:09:13,494
by such books and others, scholars tried to collect more authentic hadiths, yet they were not comparable to those of al-Bukhari and Muslim who followed him.

1474
03:09:13,494 --> 03:09:24,410
In terms of strength, if we rank them, the strength of Sahih Muslim is slightly lower than Albukhari's;  Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah is lower than Albukhari's and Muslim's.

1475
03:09:24,410 --> 03:09:30,755
Ibn Hibban would come 4th in rank, followed by Al-Hakim which is slightly lower than the former. 

1476
03:09:30,755 --> 03:09:37,595
So, are there other books that contain authentic hadiths? The answer would be yes. 

1477
03:09:37,595 --> 03:09:47,840
However, regarding strong authentic hadiths, there is no doubt that the best book in this regard is Sahih Albukhari.

1478
03:09:47,840 --> 03:09:54,140
The strength of his book is incomparable and unique.

1479
03:09:54,140 --> 03:10:04,818
Once more, there are other books of Sahih Hadiths that are available today and known by scholars of Hadith.

1480
03:10:04,818 --> 03:10:08,880
May Allah be pleased with Albukhari and reward him for his works that were of great importance to the Muslim worlds.

1481
03:10:08,880 --> 03:10:26,955
I am impressed how you improvised without reading anything for 3 hours. You said that Albukhari was a genius, I see that you are one as well. We had no breaks (YouTube Ads weren't breaks). Thanks.

1482
03:10:26,955 --> 03:10:32,201
Thank you for your courtesy. May Allah protect you!
 

1483
03:10:32,201 --> 03:10:39,935
Thank you for being with us today. Now, I know Al-Bukhari better and I understand why you get upset when someone attacks and criticizes him. 

1484
03:10:39,935 --> 03:10:54,561
It's as if you see the sun crystal clear in front of you, yet someone would tell you they can't see it. It is not there!

1485
03:10:54,561 --> 03:11:11,966
Actually, every specialist in any science will get upset if faced with unscientific criticism by non-specialists. 

1486
03:11:11,966 --> 03:11:22,604
Undoubtedly, this is the reaction of all scholars who follow a critical methodology if they see the unjustified attack on Imam Albukhari.

1487
03:11:22,604 --> 03:11:29,931
Despite the interview's length, I do not believe that 3 hours covered everything related to Sahih Albukhari.

1488
03:11:29,931 --> 03:11:46,215
 I believe that there are some unanswered questions about Sahih al-Bukhari, yet we sought to shed more light briefly on that book.

1489
03:11:46,215 --> 03:11:59,382
We answered only some of the questions; but I claim that every question an objector raises about Sahih al-Bukhari has a valid scientific answer.

1490
03:11:59,382 --> 03:12:06,244
I urge every objector to seek answers from the people of knowledge to obtain a satisfactory answer;

1491
03:12:06,244 --> 03:12:22,663
I hope that this long interview was interesting for our listeners or viewers; well, it was interesting for me perhaps because of my passion for Imam Albukhari.

1492
03:12:22,663 --> 03:12:28,809
I pray that we meet him, our scholars, and our Prophet (PBUH) in the  Paradise.

1493
03:12:28,809 --> 03:12:34,074
May Allah grant us love of the Prophet's Sunnah, and help us to be followers and defenders of it.

1494
03:12:34,074 --> 03:12:40,068
May Allah grant us the will to abide by the Quran and Sunnah.

1495
03:12:40,068 --> 03:12:46,040
Thank you for having me today. Thank you for yor time.

1496
03:12:46,040 --> 03:12:48,528
Shall we have our suhoor? 

1497
03:12:48,528 --> 03:12:53,950
Thank you! Thank you all! Thanks to the great team of "Morabaa".

1498
03:12:53,950 --> 03:12:56,866
Abdel-Karim Al-Adwani worked on the preparation for this episode.

1499
03:12:56,866 --> 03:13:00,271
 Photography by Nayef Shar. Editing by Rayan Bakil and Jamil Abdel-Ahad.

1500
03:13:00,271 --> 03:13:02,830
Audio recording by Kholoud Halabi.

1501
03:13:02,830 --> 03:13:05,139
Audio engineering by Youssef Ibrahim

1502
03:13:05,139 --> 03:13:08,236
Production by Ayman Khaled and Razan Dehaytham. 

1503
03:13:08,236 --> 03:13:21,486
Special thanks to those who are currently with us here. They have worked for three hours, each in his field, at this late time in Ramadan.

1504
03:13:21,486 --> 03:13:23,251
Despite their need for suhoor, they are with us here.

1505
03:13:23,251 --> 03:13:24,277
Thank you all.

1506
03:13:24,277 --> 03:13:31,491
Thank you "Morabaa" friends, stay tuned for next week. Take care of yourselves.